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| Math Term | Definition |
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| Abscissa –
| The x or first coordinate in an ordered pair.
Ex: (5,-3) Abscissa is 5
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| Absolute Maximum –
| The highest point (y value) of a function.
Ex:
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| Absolute Minimum –
| The lowest point (y value) of a function.
Ex:
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| Absolute Value –
| Distance a point is from the origin. Since it is a distance the number is always positive. We use the symbol | | to represent absolute value.
Ex: l -5 l = 5
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| Acceleration –
| The rate of change of velocity over a specified time period.
Ex:
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| Accuracy –
| The degree an approximation is to the correct answer.
Ex:
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| Acute Angle –
| An angle that is less than 90 degrees.
Ex: 24 degree angle is acute
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| Acute Triangle –
| A triangle whose interior angles are each less than 90 degrees
Ex: A triagle with angles of 80, 57, 43 degrees
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| Additive Inverse –
| The numbers opposite or negative. The sum of x and its additive inverse -x equals zero,
Ex: 14 and – 14
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| Adjacent –
| Close to or beside.
Ex:
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| Adjacent Angles –
| Two angles that share a vertex and have a common side between them.
Ex:
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| Algorithm –
| A set of steps followed to solve a math problem.
Ex:
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| Alternate Exterior Angles –
| The Pair of exterior angles formed on opposite sides of a transversal which lies on different parallel lines.
Ex:
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| Alternate Interior Angles –
| The Pair of interior angles formed on opposite sides of a transversal which lies on different parallel lines.
Ex:
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| Altitude –
| The shortest distance from the base of a figure to its top.
Ex:
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| Amplitude –
| One half of the difference between the minimum and maximum y values of a graph.
Ex: A graph has a minimum y value of 2 and a maximum y value of 13. (13 – 2) / 2 =5.5 amplitude
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| Angle –
| Two rays that share a common vertex.
Ex:
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| Angle Bisector –
| A line or ray that divides an angle equally in half.
Ex:
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| Angle of Depression –
| The angle below a horizontal line that a person must look to view an object.
Ex:
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| Angle of Elevation –
| The angle above a horizontal line that a person must look to view an object.
Ex:
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| Angle of Inclination of a line –
| The angle formed between a line and the x axis.
Ex:
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| Apex –
| The vertex of a cone or pyramid.
Ex:
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| Apothem –
| A line segment from the midpoint of a side to the center of a polygon.
Ex:
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| Arc of a Circle –
| A segment of the circumference of a circle.
Ex:
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| Arccos –
| The inverse of cosine or cos^-1
Ex:
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| Arccot –
| The inverse of cotangent or cot^-1
Ex:
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| Arccsc –
| The inverse of cosecant or csc^-1.
Ex:
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| Arcsec –
| The inverse of secant or sec^-1
Ex:
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| Arcsin –
| The inverse of sine or sin^-1
Ex:
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| Arctan –
| The inverse of tangent or tan^-1
Ex:
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| Argument of a Complex Number –
| An angle describing the direction of a complex number.
Ex:
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| Argument of a Function –
| The parameters on which a function operates.
Ex:
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| Argument of a Vector –
| An angle describing the direction of a vector.
Ex:
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| Arithmetic Sequence –
| A sequence of numbers which has a constant addition or subtraction between each term.
Ex: 10 + 45 +9 + 4
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| Arithmetic Series –
| The sum of a sequence of numbers which has a constant addition or subtraction between each term.
Ex: 10 + 4 +34 +45
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| Asymptote –
| A line or curve that a graph of a function approaches but does not intersect.
Ex:
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| Average –
| The mean of a data set.
Ex: 112, 7, 16 Add the 3 terms 112 +7 +16 =135 The average is 135 / 3 = 45
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| Average Rate of Change –
| The change in the value of a quantity divided by a period of time.
Ex: The temperature was 45 °, 3 hours later it was 60 °. (60 – 45) / 3 = 5 °/hr
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| Axiom –
| A statement that is accepted as true even though it is not proven.
Ex:
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| Axis of Reflection –
| An imaginary line where one side is a reflection of the other.
Ex:
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| Axis of Symmetry –
| A line on a graph where the two sides of the graph are mirror images.
Ex:
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| Base –
| The bottom of a figure in geometry.
Ex:
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| Binomial –
| A polynomial with two terms.
Ex: 3 x2 + y
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| Bisect –
| To cut into two congruent parts.
Ex: To bisect a line of 5 cm you would cut it in half at 2.5 cm.
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| Bisector –
| A line, segment, or plane that divides a figure into two congruent parts.
Ex:
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| Bounded Set of Numbers –
| A set of numbers that has an upper and lower bound.
Ex:
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| Box and Whisker Plot –
| A visual display of the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum of a data set.
Ex:
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| Boxplot –
| A box and whisker plot that also displays outliers.
Ex:
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| Braces –
| The { } symbol which are used to indicate sets.
Ex: {1,2,4}
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| Brackets –
| The [ ] symbol which are used interchangeably with ( ).
Ex: [ 5x + (x – 3) – 14]
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| Cardinal Numbers –
| The counting numbers 1, 2, 3 … that does not include decimals or fractions.
Ex: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6…
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| Cardinality of a Set –
| The number of elements in a set.
Ex:
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| Cartesian Coordinates –
| The order pairs (x,y) or (x,y,z).
Ex: (5, 3), (5, 2)
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| Cartesian Plane –
| The plane that is formed by the x and y axis.
Ex:
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| Ceiling Function –
| A step function that outputs the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
Ex:
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| Central Angle –
| An angle whose vertex is in the center of a circle.
Ex:
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| Centroid –
| The point in a figure where the medians intersect.
Ex:
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| Chord –
| A line segment that connects endpoints on a circle.
Ex:
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| Circle –
| The locus of all points that are a fixed distance from a point.
Ex:
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| Circumcenter –
| The center of a triangle’s circumcircle.
Ex:
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| Circumcircle –
| A circle that contains a figure and passes through all the vertices of the figure.
Ex:
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| Circumference –
| The distance around a circle.
Ex: Circumference = 2 * pi * radius
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| Circumscribed –
| Surrounded by the smallest possible circles.
Ex:
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| Closed Interval –
| An interval whose endpoints are included in the interval.
Ex:
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| Coefficient –
| A number in front of a variable.
Ex: In 5x, x is the coefficient
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| Coincident –
| Two or more figures that are exactly the same and share the same space.
Ex:
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| Collinear –
| Points that are on the same line.
Ex: For a line x = y, (4, 4) and (5, 5) are collinear.
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| Combination –
| A selection of object from a collection in which the order of the objects is irrelevant.
Ex:
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| Common Logarithm –
| A logarithm whose base is 10.
Ex: log(x)
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| Common Ratio –
| The ratio from a geometric sequence from one term to the next term.
Ex:
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| Complement of an Angle –
| A second angle which when added to the first angle equals 90 degrees.
Ex: The complement to a 32° angle is a 58° angle
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| Complement of an Event –
| The exact opposite of an event.
Ex:
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| Complementary Angles –
| Two angles that added together equal 90 degrees.
Ex: A 12° angle and a 78° angle are complementary angles.
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| Complex Fraction –
| A fraction whose numerator or denominator contains a fraction.
Ex: (1/x) / 4
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| Complex Numbers –
| Numbers that contain a real number and an imaginary number separated by addition or subtraction.
Ex: 5 + i
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| Composite number –
| A positive integer that is not prime.
Ex: 6 is composite because it can be divided by a number other than itself or 1.
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| Composition –
| Inserting one function in for x in the second function.
Ex: f(x) = 4 f(g) = f(x) + 5x So f(g) = 4 + 5x
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| Compound Inequality –
| Two or more inequalities.
Ex: 5 > 2 + x > 14
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| Compound Interest –
| Interest is earned on the interest and the principle.
Ex: Amt = Principle ( 1 + interest rate/number of compoundings )(number of compoundings * time)
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| Compression –
| A transformation of a figure that makes it smaller.
Ex:
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| Compute –
| To evaluate.
Ex:
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| Concave –
| A shape that has an indentation.
Ex:
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| Concentric –
| Similar Figures that share the same center.
Ex:
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| Concurrent –
| Lines or curves that intersect at one point.
Ex:
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| Conditional –
| An “If then” statement.
Ex: If x equals 4, then y equals 2.
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| Cone –
| A 3d figure with a base that tapers to an apex.
Ex:
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| Congruent –
| Exactly the same in size and shape.
Ex:
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| Conjecture –
| A hypotenuse.
Ex:
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| Conjuction –
| Two statements connected using and.
Ex: x + 5 = 0 and y – 2 = 0
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| Conjugates –
| The writing of sum of two terms as a difference or writing the difference of two terms as a sum.
Ex: 5 + 3x and 5 – 3x are conjugates
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| Consecutive Interior Angles –
| The Pair of interior angles formed on the same side of a transversal which lies on different parallel lines.
Ex:
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| Consistent System of Equations –
| A system of equations that has a solution.
Ex:
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| Constant –
| A number that does not contain a variable.
Ex: 5
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| Continuously Compounded Interest –
| Interest that is computed every instant using constant e.
Ex:
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| Converse –
| Changing the hypothesis and conclusion in a conditional statement.
Ex:
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| Convex –
| A figure with no indentations.
Ex:
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| Coordinates –
| The numbers giving the location of a point on the graph.
Ex: ( 3, 2 )
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| Coplanar –
| Objects that lie in the same plane.
Ex:
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| Corollary –
| A unique case of a general theorem that is noteworthy.
Ex:
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| Correlation –
| The degree in which two variables are related.
Ex:
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| Correlation Coefficient –
| A constant that measures the strength and direction of the correlation of two variables.
Ex:
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| Corresponding –
| Two attributes that are the same in different objects.
Ex:
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| Cosecant –
| The ratio of the hypotenuse to opposite side of a right triangle.
Ex:
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| Cosine –
| The ratio of the adjacent to hypotenuse side of a right triangle.
Ex:
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| Cotangent –
| The ratio of the adjacent to opposite side of a right triangle.
Ex:
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| Coterminal Angles –
| Angles that share a terminal side when drawn in standard position.
Ex:
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| Counterexample –
| An example that contradicts a stated proposition.
Ex:
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| Counting Numbers –
| The Positive integers.
Ex: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6…
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| Cross Product –
| A way to multiply two vectors where the product produces a vector.
Ex:
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| Cube –
| A six sided figure where all the faces are equal.
Ex:
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| Cube Root –
| A number multiplied by itself three times that equals a given number.
Ex: 3 is the cube root of 27. 33 = 3 * 3 * 3 = 27
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| Cubed –
| Taking a number or quantity to the third power.
Ex: 2 3 = 8
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| Cylinder –
| A 3d figure where the bases are parallel and congruent.
Ex:
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| Decreasing Function –
| A function the falls from left to right on the graph.
Ex:
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| Degree –
| A unit of measure for angles that equals 1/360 of a circle.
Ex: ° is the degree symbol
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| Degree of a Polynomial –
| The highest power in a polynomial.
Ex: 2x2 + x3 + 5 where 3 is the degree of the poynomial
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| Denominator –
| The bottom of a fraction.
Ex: For x / 3, 3 is the denominator.
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| Dependent variable –
| A variable whose value depends on one or more other variables.
Ex:
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| Diagonal of a Polygon –
| A line segment that connect vertices that are not adjacent.
Ex:
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| Diameter –
| A line segment that connect two points on a circle and passes through the center.
Ex:
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| Diametrically Opposed –
| Two points that are directly opposite on a circle.
Ex:
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| Dilation –
| A transformation of a figure that makes it larger.
Ex:
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| Dimensions –
| A measurement of the size of an object.
Ex: A rectangle with length 5 cm and width 2 cm.
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| Direct Proportion –
| Two variables in which one is a constant multiple of the other.
Ex:
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| Directrices of a Hyperbola –
| Two parallel lines between a hyperbola which are perpendicular to the major axis of a hyperbola.
Ex:
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| Directrices of an Ellipse –
| Two parallel lines that are perpendicular to the major axis of an ellipse.
Ex:
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| Directrix of a Parabola –
| A line that is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry in a parabola.
Ex:
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| Discontinuity –
| A nonconnected point on the graph.
Ex:
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| Discontinusous Function –
| A function whose graph is not connected.
Ex:
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| Discriminant –
| In the quadratic formula the b^2 – 4ac which is useful for determining whether there are 0, 1 or 2 answers.
Ex: b2 – 4ac
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| Disjoint Events –
| Two events where it is impossible for both to happen.
Ex:
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| Disjunction –
| Two statements connected using or.
Ex: x = 5 or x = 2
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| Distribute –
| Multiplying parts of an expression in order to expand it.
Ex: 3 ( 5 + x ) distribute the 3 and you have 15 + 3x
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| Diverge –
| Failure to approach a finite limit.
Ex:
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| Domain –
| The independent variables (x values) for which the function is defined.
Ex:
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| Dot product –
| A way to multiply all the components of two vectors and adding the results together.
Ex:
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| e –
| A constant approximately equal to 2.718 that have many uses most commonly natural logarithms.
Ex:
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| Eccentricity –
| A number that shows how drawn out a conic is.
Ex:
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| Element of a Matrix –
| One of the numbers in a matrix.
Ex:
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| Elements of a Set –
| A distinct object in a set.
Ex:
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| Ellipse –
| A stretched circle.
Ex:
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| Ellipsoid –
| A figure similar to a sphere for which all cross-sections are ellipses.
Ex:
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| Equation –
| Two expressions that are separated by an equal sign.
Ex: x + 3 = 5
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| Equiangular Triangle –
| A triangles whole angles are congruent.
Ex:
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| Equidistant –
| Two or more objects that are the same distance from another object.
Ex: Two house are equidistant from a store when they are both 5 miles away from the store.
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| Equilateral Triangle –
| A triangle whose three sides are congruent.
Ex: A triangle with sides of 2, 2, 2.
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| Equivalence Relation –
| A relation that satisfies the reflective, transitive, and symmetric properties.
Ex:
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| Essential Discontinuity –
| A discontinuity that cannot be removed from the graph.
Ex:
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| Euler Line –
| A line segment that passes through a triangle’s orthocenter, centroid, and circumcenter.
Ex:
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| Evaluate –
| To solve.
Ex: Evaluate 5 * x = 10, so x = 2
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| Even Function –
| A function whose graph is symmetric with respect to the y axis.
Ex:
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| Even Number –
| An integer that is a divisible by 2.
Ex: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10…
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| Event –
| All the possible outcomes from an experiment.
Ex:
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| Exclusive –
| A disjunction where only one of the statements may be true.
Ex:
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| Exclusive –
| An case where endpoints are excluded in the interval.
Ex:
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| Expand –
| Multiplying parts of an expression in order to expand it.
Ex: 5 ( x + 2) – 3 ( y – 1), expand and get 5x + 10 – 3 ( y – 1)
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| Expected Value –
| The average result of an experiment given a significantly large number of trials.
Ex:
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| Experiment –
| A controlled, repeatable process.
Ex:
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| Explicit Function –
| A function whose y value can be written explicitly in terms of x values.
Ex:
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| Exponent –
| The superscipt that represents repeated multiplication.
Ex: 5 is the exponent in x5
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| Exponential Decay –
| An equation that shows the rate of decay is directly proportional to the amount present.
Ex:
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| Exponential Growth –
| An equation that shows the rate of growth is directly proportional to the amount present.
Ex:
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| Expression –
| A mathematical calculation that does not contain an equal or inequality sign.
Ex: x + 3
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| Extraneous Solution –
| An answer that does not satisfy the original equation.
Ex:
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| Face –
| One of the flat surfaces on a figure.
Ex:
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| Factor of a Polynomial –
| A polynomial that divides evenly into another polynomial.
Ex: x + 2 is a factor of the polynomial 2x +4
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| Factor of an Integer –
| An integer that divides evenly into another integer.
Ex:
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| Factorial –
| The product of a positive integer and all smaller positive integers. We use the ! to represent factorial.
Ex: 4! = 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 =24
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| Falling Bodies –
| A formula that models the dropping of an object.
Ex:
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| Fibonacci Sequence –
| The sequence of number in which the next term is the sum of the two previous numbers.
Ex: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13…
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| Finite –
| A set that has a specific amount of elements.
Ex:
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| First Quartile –
| A number where 25% of the data is smaller than the number.
Ex:
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| Flip –
| A transformation that mirrors the figure across a line.
Ex:
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| Floor Function –
| A step function that outputs the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Ex:
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| Focal Radius –
| The distance from the center to the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola.
Ex:
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| Foci of a Hyperbola –
| Two points on the inside of a hyperbola that are used in its definition.
Ex:
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| Foci of an Ellipse –
| Two points on the inside of an ellipse that are used in its definition.
Ex:
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| Focus –
| A point used to draw and define a conic.
Ex:
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| Focus of a Parabola –
| A point on the inside of an parabola that are used in its definition.
Ex:
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| FOIL Method –
| An acronym that helps to remember how to distribute two binomials. FOIL stands for First, Outer, Inner, Last.
Ex: ( x + 2 ) * ( x – 1) = x2 – x + 2x – 2
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| Formula –
| An expression that is used to evaluate a desired result.
Ex: The formula for area of a rectangle is length times width. A = lw
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| Fraction –
| A ratio of numbers or variables in which the denominator is not zero.
Ex: 1 / 5
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| Frequency of Periodic Motion –
| The number of cycles completed per second.
Ex:
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| Function –
| A set of numbers where each x value has only one corresponding y value.
Ex: x = 5 + y
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| Geometric Mean –
| A type of mean that indicates the central tendency of a set of numbers.
Ex:
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| Geometric Sequence –
| A sequence which has a constant ratio between each term.
Ex:
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| Glide –
| A transformation that moves the graph but does not change its size or orientation.
Ex:
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| Glide Reflection –
| A transformation that translate and reflects the figure.
Ex:
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| Golden Mean –
| A constant approximately 1.618 that occurs in many settings, mostly with the Fibonacci sequence.
Ex:
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| Greatest Common Factor –
| The largest integer that divides evenly into a set of numbers.
Ex: The greatest common factor of 16, 40, 48 is 8.
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| Greatest Lower Bound –
| The largest of all lower bounds of a set.
Ex:
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| Half-Closed Interval –
| An interval that includes the one endpoint but does not include the other.
Ex:
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| Half-Life –
| For exponentially decaying substances the amount of time to reach half the original amount.
Ex:
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| Harmonic Mean –
| A type of average used when average rates are desired.
Ex:
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| Height –
| The shortest distance from the base of a figure to the top.
Ex:
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| Helix –
| A curve that is shaped like a spring.
Ex:
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| Heptagon –
| A seven sided polygon.
Ex:
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| Hexagon –
| A six sided polygon.
Ex:
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| Horizontal –
| Parallel to level ground.
Ex:
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| Horizontal Line Test –
| If a horizontal line intersects a graph more than once then the function is not one-to-one.
Ex:
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| Hyperbola –
| A conic that looks like an ellipse flipped inside out.
Ex:
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| Hypotenuse –
| The largest side of a right triangle.
Ex:
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| Hypothesis –
| The part of the conditional statement after if and before the conclusion
Ex:
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| Identity –
| An equation that is always true regardless of what numbers are substituted.
Ex: 5x * 0 = 0
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| Image of a Transformation –
| The result after a transformation is performed.
Ex:
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| Imaginary Numbers –
| A number in the form bi where i is defined as the squareroot of -1 and b is a coefficient.
Ex: i, 2i, 3i…
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| Improper Fraction –
| A fraction where the numerator is bigger than the denominator.
Ex: 5 / 3
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| Improper Rational Expression –
| A rational expression where the degree of the numerator is greater than or equal to the degree of the denominator.
Ex: 3x4 / y2
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| Incenter –
| The center of an inscribed circle.
Ex:
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| Incircle –
| The largest circle that can be drawn in the interior of a figure.
Ex:
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| Inclusive –
| An interval that includes the endpoints.
Ex:
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| Inclusive or –
| A disjunction where one or both of the statements may be true.
Ex:
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| Increasing Function –
| A function whose graph increases from left to right.
Ex:
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| Independent Events –
| Events where one event does not affect the outcome of another.
Ex:
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| Independent Variable –
| A variable that does not depend on the other variable (x value).
Ex:
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| Inequality –
| Two expressions that are separated by an >, <, ≥, or ≤
Ex: 5x > 15
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| Infinite –
| A set of numbers that does not end.
Ex:
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| Infinity –
| A mathematical concept which indicates a quantity without bound or end. We use ∞ to represent infinity.
Ex: ∞
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| Inflection Point –
| A point where the graph changes from concave up to concave down or vice-versa.
Ex:
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| Initial Side of an Angle –
| The ray where we start measuring an angle.
Ex:
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| Inradius –
| The radius of an inscribed circle.
Ex:
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| Inscribed Angle –
| An angle inside a circle whose vertex lies on the circle.
Ex:
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| Integers –
| The positive and negative whole numbers including zero.
Ex: -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…
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| Interest –
| The amount of money paid in order to borrow money.
Ex: Interest = principle * rate * time
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| Interior –
| The points inside a figure.
Ex:
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| Interior Angle –
| An angle on the inside of a figure.
Ex:
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| Interquartile Range –
| The result of the first quartile minus the third quartile.
Ex:
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| Intersection –
| The elements or points that sets or objects have in common.
Ex: Two lines intersect at the point (2,5)
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| Interval –
| The set of real numbers between two points.
Ex: A line with end points (2,5) and (8,5)
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| Interval Notation –
| Representing an interval using a pair of numbers and parenthesis/brackets.
Ex: The interval between (2,5) and (8,5)
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| Invariant –
| A property that cannot be changed by a particular transformation.
Ex:
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| Inverse –
| The quantity that cancels out another quantity.
Ex: The inverse of 5 is -5
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| Inverse Function –
| A function resulting from switching the x and y values in a function.
Ex: The inverse of 2 – x is -2 + x
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| Inverse Proportion –
| A constant relationship between two variables where when one increases the other decreases by a constant amount.
Ex:
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| Irrational number –
| A number that we cannot write as a fraction.
Ex: √2
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| Isometry –
| A transformation where the distance between points in the pre-image are the same distance in the image.
Ex:
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| Isosceles Triangle –
| A triangle where two sides are the same.
Ex: A triangle with sides of 2, 2, 3
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| Iterative Process –
| An algorithm where you repeatedly use the same formula or step.
Ex:
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| Joint Variation –
| One variable is directly proportional to a set of variables.
Ex:
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| Jump Discontinuity –
| A discontinuity where the graph jumps from one part of the graph to another.
Ex:
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| Kite –
| A quadrilateral that has two pairs of congruent adjacent sides.
Ex:
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| Lateral Area –
| The surface area of of a solid not including the area of the bases.
Ex: The lateral area of a can of soup would be the area of the label.
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| Leading Coefficient –
| The coefficient of the variable with the highest power.
Ex: The leading coefficient of 5x2 + 10x is 5.
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| Leading Term –
| The highest power term in a polynomial.
Ex:
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| Least Common Denominator –
| The smallest denominator that we can use for two or more fractions.
Ex: For 1/3 and 1/6 the least common denominator is 6.
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| Least Squares Fit –
| The linear fit that follows the paired data as close as possible.
Ex:
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| Least Squares Regression Equation –
| An equation that models the paired data as closely as possible.
Ex:
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| Least Upper Bound –
| The smallest upper bound of a set of numbers.
Ex:
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| Leg of a Right Triangle –
| The two sides of the triangle that are not the hypotenuse.
Ex:
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| Leg of a Trapezoid –
| A side that connect the bases of a triangle.
Ex:
|
| Leg of an Isosceles Triangle –
| Either of the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle.
Ex:
|
| Lemma –
| A small proof that is used to help prove a theorem.
Ex:
|
| Like Terms –
| Terms that are of the same variable and to the same power or root.
Ex: x2 and 2x2 are like terms.
|
| Limit –
| A value that a function approaches as the domain approaches a certain value.
Ex:
|
| Limit from Above –
| A limit where the domain is taken for values greater than the number the domain variable approaches.
Ex:
|
| Limit from Below –
| A limit where the domain is taken for values less than the number the domain variable approaches.
Ex:
|
| Line –
| A straight path between two points that extends infinitely in both directions.
Ex:
|
| Line segment –
| A line between two points that ends at each point.
Ex:
|
| Line Segment –
| A line between two points that ends at each point.
Ex:
|
| Linear –
| Created by lines.
Ex:
|
| Linear Combination –
| The sum of the multiples of every variable.
Ex:
|
| Linear Equation –
| An equation whose graph is a straight line, and degree is 1 or is a vertical or horizontal line.
Ex:
|
| Linear Factorization –
| Factoring a polynomial so that each factors highest power is 1.
Ex:
|
| Linear Fit –
| A line used to model a set of paired data.
Ex:
|
| Linear Inequality –
| An inequality whose degree is 1.
Ex: 2x – 3y < 12
|
| Linear Pair of Angles –
| Adjacent angles that are formed by intersecting lines.
Ex:
|
| Linear Programming –
| An algorithm used to solve system of inequality problems where we are finding the largest or smallest possible value.
Ex:
|
| Linear Regression –
| Modeling the relationship between variables.
Ex:
|
| Linear System of Equation –
| A set of equations taken together where all the equations are linear.
Ex:
|
| Local Behavior –
| A property of a graph close to a particular point.
Ex:
|
| Local Maximum –
| The highest point on a specific part of the graph.
Ex:
|
| Local Minimum –
| The lowest point on a specific part of the graph.
Ex:
|
| Locus –
| A set of points that form a figure.
Ex:
|
| Logarithm –
| The power that the base must be raised in order to produce a particular number. We denote Logarithms using log.
Ex: logb(y) = x is equivalent to y = bx
|
| Logistic –
| A graph that increases quickly then slows as it approaches an upper limit.
Ex:
|
| Lower Bound of a Set –
| A number that is less than or equal to every elements in a set.
Ex:
|
| Lower Quartile –
| A number where 25% of the data is smaller than the number.
Ex:
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| Lowest Common Multiple –
| The smallest positive integer that two or more numbers divide into evenly.
Ex: For 2 and 3, multiples of 2 are 4, 6, 8… multiples of 3 are 6, 9, 12.., LCM of 2 and 3 is 6
|
| Magnitude –
| The size or amount of an object.
Ex:
|
| Magnitude of a Vector –
| A vectors length.
Ex:
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| Major Acr –
| The longest arc between two points on a circle.
Ex:
|
| Major Axis of a Hyperbola –
| A line that passes through the center, foci, and vertices of a hyperbola.
Ex:
|
| Major Axis of an Ellipse –
| A line that passes through the center, foci, and vertices of an ellipse.
Ex:
|
| Major Diameter of an Ellipse –
| A line segment that joins the vertices of an ellipse.
Ex:
|
| Matrix –
| A rectagular array of numbers usually denoted by [ ].
Ex:
|
| Matrix Inverse –
| A matrix that when multiplied by another matrix, the result is the identity matrix.
Ex:
|
| Maximize –
| Finding the largest value.
Ex:
|
| Maximum of a Function –
| The highest point (y value) on the graph.
Ex:
|
| Mean –
| The average, which is found by adding all the numbers together and dividing by how many you added.
Ex:
|
| Measure of an Angle –
| The size of an angle which is measured in degrees or radians.
Ex:
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| Measurement –
| Finding amount or size of an object.
Ex:
|
| Median –
| The number in a set where half of the numbers are larger and half are smaller. If two numbers are in the middle find the mean of the two numbers.
Ex: 2,9,33,56,88 Median is 33
|
| Median of a Trapezoid –
| A line segment that connects the midpoints of a trapezoid’s legs.
Ex:
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| Median of a Triangle –
| A line segment connecting the vertex to the midpoint of a triangle.
Ex:
|
| Midpoint –
| A point that is halfway between two point.
Ex:
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| Minimize –
| To find the smallest value that satisfies the function.
Ex:
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| Minimum of a Function –
| The smallest value on a graph.
Ex:
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| Minor Arc –
| The shortest arc between two points on a circle.
Ex:
|
| Minor Axis of a Hyperbola –
| A line perpendicular to the major axis of a hyperbola that passes through the center of a hyperbola.
Ex:
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| Minor Axis of an Ellipse –
| A line that is perpendicular to the major axis of an ellipse and goes through the center.
Ex:
|
| Minor Diameter of an Ellipse –
| A segment that is perpendicular to the major diameter and passes through the center of the ellipse.
Ex:
|
| Minute –
| A unit of angle measurement that equals 1/60 of a degree.
Ex:
|
| Mixed Number –
| A number written as an integer and a proper fraction.
Ex:
|
| Mode –
| The most frequent number in a set of numbers.
Ex:
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| Model –
| An equation or system of equations that represents a “real-world” example.
Ex:
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| Modulo –
| The remainder when you divide one number by another.
Ex:
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| Moment –
| A number that tells how well a figure balances on a line.
Ex:
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| Monomial –
| A one term polynomial.
Ex:
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| Multiplicative Inverse of a Number –
| The reciprocal of a number.
Ex:
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| Multiplicity –
| The number of times a number is a zero for a polynomial.
Ex:
|
| Multivariable –
| A problem that contains more than one variable.
Ex:
|
| Natural Logarithm –
| A logarithm whose base is e. We use ln to denote Natural Log.
Ex:
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| Natural Numbers –
| The Positive integers.
Ex:
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| Negative Exponent –
| When taking a base to a negative power, the solution is the reciprocal with the exponent positive.
Ex:
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| Negative Number –
| A number that is less than zero.
Ex:
|
| Negative Reciprocal –
| When you switch the numerator and denominator of a fraction and change the sign.
Ex:
|
| Negatively Associated Data –
| Two variables where as one value increases the other decreases.
Ex:
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| Noncollinear –
| Points that are not on the same line.
Ex:
|
| Number line –
| A line that represents all real numbers.
Ex:
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| Numerator –
| The top of a fraction.
Ex:
|
| Oblique –
| Lines that are at an angle in, not horizontal or vertical.
Ex:
|
| Obtuse Angle –
| An angle that is larger than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
Ex:
|
| Obtuse Triangle –
| A triangle that has an angle greater than 90 degrees.
Ex:
|
| Octagon –
| An eight sides figure.
Ex:
|
| Odd function –
| A function whose graph is symmetric with respect to the origin.
Ex:
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| Odd number –
| An integer that is not divisible by 2.
Ex:
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| Odds –
| A way to represent the likelihood of something happening, usually written as a ratio a:b.
Ex:
|
| One-Sided Limit –
| A limit from either the left or right.
Ex:
|
| One-to-One Function –
| A function where every y value corresponds to only one x value.
Ex:
|
| Open Interval –
| An interval where the endpoints are not included.
Ex:
|
| Ordered Pair –
| The numbers giving the location of a point on the graph.
Ex:
|
| Ordinal Numbers –
| Numeric words that tell us the order, like first, second, third…
Ex:
|
| Ordinate –
| The y value of an ordered pair.
Ex:
|
| Origin –
| The intersection of the x and y axis, denoted by (0,0).
Ex:
|
| Orthocenter –
| A point where the altitudes of a triangle intersect.
Ex:
|
| Orthogonal –
| Form a right angle.
Ex:
|
| Outcome –
| A result of an experiment.
Ex:
|
| Outlier –
| A point that is completely different from the rest of the data.
Ex:
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| Oval –
| A curve that resembles an egg.
Ex:
|
| Paired Data –
| Data that come as an ordered pair.
Ex:
|
| Parabola –
| A u-shaped curve.
Ex:
|
| Parallel Lines –
| Lines that never intersect.
Ex:
|
| Parallel Planes –
| Planes that never intersect.
Ex:
|
| Parallogram –
| A four sided figure with two pairs on parallel sides.
Ex:
|
| Parametric Equations –
| A system of equations that has more than one dependent variable.
Ex:
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| Parent Function –
| A very basic function of which other more complex functions are built.
Ex:
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| Parenthesis –
| First in the Order of operations denoted by ( ) .
Ex:
|
| Pascal’s Triangle –
| A triangle made up of numbers where each entry is determined by adding the two numbers that are above and on the other side of the entry.
Ex:
|
| Pentagon –
| A five sided figure.
Ex:
|
| Percentile –
| The value where a specified percent fall below.
Ex:
|
| Perfect Number –
| A number where the sum of all positive integer factors add up to the number.
Ex:
|
| Perfect Square –
| A number whose squareroot is a rational number.
Ex:
|
| Perimeter –
| The sum of all the sides of a figure.
Ex:
|
| Period of Periodic Motion –
| The time taken to complete a cycle.
Ex:
|
| Periodic Function –
| A function whose graph repeats itself from left to right.
Ex:
|
| Periodic Motion –
| Motion that repeats a pattern.
Ex:
|
| Permutation –
| A selection of object from a collection in which the order of the objects is important.
Ex:
|
| Perpendicular –
| Form a right angle.
Ex:
|
| Perpendicular Bisector –
| A perpendicular line through the midpoint of a segment.
Ex:
|
| Pi –
| An irrational number approximately equal to 3.14159 that is the ratio of the Circumference to Diameter of all circle.
Ex:
|
| Piecewise Continuous Function –
| A function with a defined number of connected pieces.
Ex:
|
| Piecewise Function –
| A function that has different formulas for different x values.
Ex:
|
| Plane –
| An imaginary flat surface that extends in all direction and has zero thickness.
Ex:
|
| Point –
| An exact location on a plane, represented by a dot.
Ex:
|
| Point-Slope Equation of a Line –
| y – y1 = m(x – x1) where y1 and x1 are a given point and m is the slope.
Ex:
|
| Polar Axis –
| The positive part of the x-axis.
Ex:
|
| Polar Coordinates –
| Points defined by the distance from the origin for the first coordinate, and an angle measurement for the second coordinate.
Ex:
|
| Polygon –
| A closed figure where all sides are line segments and not curves.
Ex:
|
| Polyhedron –
| A figure whose faces are polygons and edges are line segments.
Ex:
|
| Polynomial –
| An expression whose terms are made up of constants, variables, and exponent, that are separated by addition or subtraction.
Ex:
|
| Polynomial Long Division –
| A method employed to divide polynomial which is performed the same way as long division of simple numbers.
Ex:
|
| Population –
| All the cases considered in a statistics experiment.
Ex:
|
| Positive Number –
| All the real numbers that are greater than zero.
Ex:
|
| Positively Associated Data –
| Two variables where as one value increases/decreases the other increases/decreases.
Ex:
|
| Postulate –
| A statement that we accept as true without having to prove.
Ex:
|
| Power –
| The superscipt that represents repeated multiplication.
Ex:
|
| Pre-Image of a Transformation –
| The original figure before a transformation has taken place.
Ex:
|
| Precision –
| The number of significant digits used in a given problem.
Ex:
|
| Prime Factorization –
| An integer written as a product of powers of prime numbers
Ex:
|
| Prime Number –
| A number that is divisable only by itself and 1.
Ex:
|
| Principal –
| The original amount invested.
Ex:
|
| Prism –
| A figure whose bases are parallel congruent polygons.
Ex:
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| Probability –
| The likelihood of an event happening.
Ex:
|
| Product –
| The result of multiplication.
Ex:
|
| Projectile Motion –
| A formula that models the dropping of an object.
Ex:
|
| Proper Fraction –
| A fraction whose denominator is larger than the numerator.
Ex:
|
| Proportional –
| Two variables that have a constant ratio between them.
Ex:
|
| Pyramid –
| A polyhedron whose base is a polygon and sides are a triangle that share a common vertex.
Ex:
|
| Quadrantal Angle –
| An angle whose terminal side falls on the x or y axis.
Ex:
|
| Quadrants –
| Dividing the x-y axis into four sections.
Ex:
|
| Quadratic –
| An equation whose degree is 2 and graph is a parabola.
Ex:
|
| Quadratic Equation –
| An equation whose degree is 2 and graph is a parabola.
Ex:
|
| Quadratic Polynomial –
| A polynomial whose degree is 2.
Ex:
|
| Quartic Polynomial –
| A polynomial whose degree is 4.
Ex:
|
| Quartile –
| Values that divide a set into four equal parts.
Ex:
|
| Quintic Polynomial –
| A polynomial whose degree is 5.
Ex:
|
| Quintiles –
| Values that divide a set into five equal parts.
Ex:
|
| Quotient –
| The result of division.
Ex:
|
| Radian –
| A unit of measure for angles, defined by 2 pi radians = 360 degrees.
Ex:
|
| Radical –
| Taking the square or nth root denoted by √
Ex:
|
| Radicand –
| The term under the radical symbol.
Ex:
|
| Radius of a Circle –
| A line segment from a point on a circle to the center.
Ex:
|
| Range –
| The y values of a function.
Ex:
|
| Ratio –
| A comparision of two numbers by dividing them.
Ex:
|
| Rational Equation –
| An equation that contains a rational expression.
Ex:
|
| Rational Exponents –
| An exponent that is a fraction.
Ex:
|
| Rational Expression –
| An expression that has two polynomials that are divided.
Ex:
|
| Rational Function –
| A function that has a polynomial divided by another polynomial.
Ex:
|
| Rational Numbers –
| All numbers that can be written as a fraction, including the integers.
Ex:
|
| Rationalizing the Denominator –
| Rewriting the denominator so it only contains rational numbers.
Ex:
|
| Ray –
| A point and a straight line.
Ex:
|
| Real Numbers –
| The set of all numbers on a number line.
Ex:
|
| Real Part –
| The non-imaginary part of a complex number.
Ex:
|
| Reciprocal –
| The quantity that cancels out another quantity.
Ex:
|
| Rectangle –
| A four sided figure where the angles are 90 degrees.
Ex:
|
| Rectangular Coordinates –
| The order pairs (x,y) or (x,y,z).
Ex:
|
| Reduce a Fraction –
| Simplifying the fraction so that all common factors cancel out.
Ex:
|
| Reference Angle –
| The smallest angle between the ray and the x axis.
Ex:
|
| Reflection –
| A transformation that mirrors the figure across a line.
Ex:
|
| Regression Equation –
| A function that fits a set of data as close as possible.
Ex:
|
| Relation –
| A set of coordinates.
Ex:
|
| Relative Maximum –
| The highest point on a specific part of the graph.
Ex:
|
| Relative Minimum –
| The smallest point on a specific part of the graph.
Ex:
|
| Relatively Prime –
| Two numbers whose greatest common factor is 1.
Ex:
|
| Remainder –
| What is left after long division.
Ex:
|
| Removable Discontinuity –
| A hole in the graph that can be fixed by filling in a one point.
Ex:
|
| Residual –
| The distance a data point is from the line of regression vertically.
Ex:
|
| Restricted Domain –
| A specific part of the domain.
Ex:
|
| Restricted Function –
| A function whose domain restricted.
Ex:
|
| Rhombus –
| A parallelogram that has four equal sides.
Ex:
|
| Right angle –
| A 90 degree angle.
Ex:
|
| Right Triangle –
| A triangle that has a right angle.
Ex:
|
| Root –
| An x values which makes a function equal zero.
Ex:
|
| Root of a Number –
| Taking the square or nth root denoted by √
Ex:
|
| Rotation –
| A transformation that turns around a fixed point.
Ex:
|
| Rounding a Number –
| Approximating a number to a certain precision.
Ex:
|
| Sample Space –
| All possible outcomes of an experiment.
Ex:
|
| Satisfy –
| Showing that the answer is true by substituting the answer into the equation.
Ex:
|
| Scalar –
| A number that has no direction.
Ex:
|
| Scale Factor –
| The ratio of corresponding sides of similar figures.
Ex:
|
| Scalene Triangle –
| A triangle with three different side lengths.
Ex:
|
| Scatterplot –
| An x-y graph of paired data.
Ex:
|
| Scientific Notation –
| A way to write really large or really small numbers using the form a x 10^b
Ex:
|
| Secant –
| The ratio of the hypotenuse to adjacent side of a right triangle.
Ex:
|
| Secant Line –
| A line that passes through two or more points of a curve.
Ex:
|
| Second –
| A unit of angle measurement that equals 1/3600 of a degree.
Ex:
|
| Sector of a Circle –
| An area of a circle bounded by two radii.
Ex:
|
| Segment of a Circle –
| A part of a circle bounded by a chord and arc.
Ex:
|
| Semicircle –
| One half of a circle.
Ex:
|
| Set –
| A group of elements.
Ex:
|
| Shift –
| A transformation that moves the graph but does not change its size or orientation.
Ex:
|
| Shrink –
| A transformation in which all x or y coordinates are multiplied by a fraction between 0 and 1.
Ex:
|
| Side of an Angle –
| One of the rays of an angle.
Ex:
|
| Significant Digits –
| A measurement of how precise a number is measured.
Ex:
|
| Similar –
| The same shape, but not necessarily the same size.
Ex:
|
| Simple Closed Curve –
| A curve that does not intersect itself and ends at the point where it started.
Ex:
|
| Simple Closed Curve –
| A curve that does not intersect itself and ends at the point where it started.
Ex:
|
| Simple Interest –
| Compounding interest only on the principal and not on interest.
Ex:
|
| Simplify –
| To rewrite in the simplest form.
Ex:
|
| Simultaneous Equations –
| A set of equations taken together.
Ex:
|
| Sine –
| The ratio of opposite to hypotenuse of a right triangle.
Ex:
|
| Sinusoid –
| A graph that looks like a wave.
Ex:
|
| Skew Lines –
| Lines that do not intersect.
Ex:
|
| Slant Height –
| The diagonal line segment from the base to the apex.
Ex:
|
| Slope of a Curve –
| A number that defines the steepness of a curve.
Ex:
|
| Slope of a line –
| The steepness of a line, denoted by m.
Ex:
|
| Slope-Intercept Form –
| An equation in the form y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y intercept.
Ex:
|
| Solid –
| A three dimensional figure.
Ex:
|
| Solution –
| The answer to an equation, inequality, or system of equation/inequalities.
Ex:
|
| Solve –
| To find the answer to a problem.
Ex:
|
| Speed –
| The distance traveled over a period of time.
Ex:
|
| Sphere –
| A 3d solid like a basketball.
Ex:
|
| Spiral –
| A curve that turns outwards or inward endlessly.
Ex:
|
| Square –
| A rectangle whose sides are equal.
Ex:
|
| Square Root –
| A number when multiplied by itself that equals another number.
Ex:
|
| Standard Form of an Equation –
| An equation in the form
Ax + By = C
Ex:
|
| Standard Position –
| An angle starting at the x axis and moving counterclockwise.
Ex:
|
| Stem-and Leaf Plot –
| A way to display a distribution in a simplifed form.
Ex:
|
| Step Function –
| A floor or ceiling function whose graph looks like stairs.
Ex:
|
| Straight angle –
| An angle that is 180 degrees.
Ex:
|
| Sum –
| The result of addition.
Ex:
|
| Supplement of an Angle –
| A second angle that when added to the first angle is 180 degrees.
Ex:
|
| Supplementary –
| Two angles that when added together equal 180 degrees.
Ex:
|
| Surface –
| A figure that excludes interior points.
Ex:
|
| Surface Area –
| The sum of all surfaces of a solid.
Ex:
|
| Symmetric –
| A figure or graph that contains two or more congruent parts.
Ex:
|
| Symmetric about the origin –
| A graph that is the same after it is reflected around the x and y axis.
Ex:
|
| Symmetric about the x axis –
| A graph that is the same after reflected around the x axis.
Ex:
|
| Symmetric about the y axis –
| A graph that is the same after reflected around the y axis.
Ex:
|
| System of Equations –
| Two or more equations that involve the same group of variables.
Ex:
|
| Tangent –
| The ratio of the opposite to adjacent side of a right triangle.
Ex:
|
| Tangent Line –
| A line that only touches a curve at one point.
Ex:
|
| Term –
| A part of an equation or number that is separated by an addition or subtraction sign.
Ex:
|
| Terminal Side of an Angle –
| The ray where an angle measurement ends.
Ex:
|
| Tessellate –
| Identical pieces that cover a plane.
Ex:
|
| Tetrahedron –
| A polyhedron that has four triangular faces.
Ex:
|
| Theorem –
| A hypothesis that is proven.
Ex:
|
| Three Dimensional Coordinates –
| A system where points are one the (x, y, z) axis.
Ex:
|
| Transcendental Numbers –
| A number that is not a root of any integer polynomial.
Ex:
|
| Transformations –
| Operation that moves, reflects, stretches, compresses, or rotates a figure.
Ex:
|
| Transitive property –
| If a is equal to b and b is equal to c, then a must be equal to c.
Ex:
|
| Translation –
| A transformation that moves a figure to a new location.
Ex:
|
| Transversal –
| A line that intersect a set of lines or sides.
Ex:
|
| Trapezoid –
| A quadrilateral that has two opposite parallel sides and two bases.
Ex:
|
| Triangle –
| A three sided polygon.
Ex:
|
| Triangle Inequality –
| A statement that one side of a triangle cannot be larger than the sum of the other two sides.
Ex:
|
| Triangulation –
| Locating the position of a point, by observing the direction and distance to two or more points.
Ex:
|
| Trinomial –
| A polynomial that has three terms.
Ex:
|
| Trivial –
| A solution that is not noteworthy.
Ex:
|
| Unbounded Set of Numbers –
| A set of numbers that has an infinite number of terms.
Ex:
|
| Undefined Slope –
| The slope of a vertical line.
Ex:
|
| Uniform –
| All elements are the same or have the same manner.
Ex:
|
| Union –
| The intersection of two or more sets.
Ex:
|
| Unit –
| A circle centered at the origin with a radius of 1.
Ex:
|
| Upper Bound –
| A number that is greater than or equal to any element in a set.
Ex:
|
| Upper Quartile –
| A number where 75% of the data is smaller than the number.
Ex:
|
| Variable –
| A number that is represented by a letter or symbol.
Ex:
|
| Vector –
| A quantity with both size and direction.
Ex:
|
| Velocity –
| Speed without direction.
Ex:
|
| Venn Diagram –
| An illustration of data and how they are related using ovals.
Ex:
|
| Vertex –
| A point on the corner of a figure.
Ex:
|
| Vertical –
| Perpendicular to horizontal or straight up and down.
Ex:
|
| Vertical Angles –
| At the intersection of two lines, angles that are opposite one another.
Ex:
|
| Vertical Line Test –
| If a vertical line intersects a graph in more than once place then the graph is not a function.
Ex:
|
| Volume –
| The amount of space occupied by a solid.
Ex:
|
| Weighted Average –
| Calculating the average where some numbers carry more weight than others.
Ex:
|
| Whole Numbers –
| The positive x integers including zero.
Ex:
|
| x-intercept –
| A point that lies on the x axis.
Ex:
|
| y-intercept –
| A point that lines on the y axis.
Ex:
|
| Z-intercept –
| A point that intersects the z-axis.
Ex:
|
| Zero –
| A number that has no quantity, size, or magnitude, and is neither positive or negative.
Ex:
|
| Zero of a function –
| An x values which makes a function equal zero.
Ex:
|
| Zero Slope –
| The slope of a horizontal line.
Ex:
|
