Franklin Benjamin was born on January 6, 1706, in Milk Street in Boston. His was the youngest son in a family of seventeen.Benjamin stopped going to school at ten, and at twelve he was working with his brother who was a printer who made a publication by the name “New England Courant.” Benjamin contributed to this journal and at a point he became a nominal editor .A quarrel broke between him and his brother and he ran away to New York then to Philadelphia. He got work as a printer but Governor Keith induced him to go to London but things didn’t go as expected .He become a compositor in London until he was brought back by a man named Denmark who after his death Benjamin went back to his trade and opened a printing shop. In 1727 he founded the Junto, or “Leathern Apron” Club. He then opened a printing office with Huge Meredith .He became a proprietor and editor of the “Pennsylvania Gazette “; prints anonymously, “Nature band necessity of paper currency”; opens a stationers shop.
Benjamin got married in 1730 to Rebecca Read .He then founded the Philadelphia Library and published the first number of “poor Richards Almanac” under the pseudonym of “Richards Saunders.” The Almanac, which went on twenty five years to contain witty, worldly saying played a major role in bringing together and as well molding the American character .In 1738, he began to study French, Italian, Spanish and Latin . He was later chosen as the clerk of the General assembly and he formed the Union fire company of Philadelphia. He then invented the open or the so called Franklin stove. In 1743 he proposes the plan for an academy and the plan was adopted in 1949 and developed into the University of Pennsylvania. Benjamin established the American philosophical society. He published a pamphlet known as the plain truth on the necessity for disciplined defense and forms a military company.
In 1748 he sells out his printing business and he is then appointed as the commission of peace, chosen to the Common council and to the assembly. In the assembly He is appointed as a commissioner to trade with the Indians. Two years later, he aids in founding a hospital after which he experiments with a kite and discovers that lightning is an electrical discharge. In 1953, He was awarded the Copley medal for the discovery and elected a member of the Royal society; Receives the degree of MA from Yale and Harvard. He was then appointed as one of the commissioners from Pennsylvania to the colonial congress where he proposes a plan to unite the colonies. Later he pledged his personal property to raise the supply for the Braddock’s army which led to his appointment as a colonel .Benjamin introduced a bill to the assembly to pave the streets of Philadelphia. In the same year that 1757 he published his famous “way to wealth”.
In 1760, Benjamin secured from the Privy Council a decision obliging the Proprietary estates to contribute to the public revenue. After two years of the compromise, he receives the Degree of LL.D. from oxford and Edinburg and returns to America. He then toured the northern colonies for five months purposely to inspect the post offices. In 1964 was defeated by the Penn faction for reelection to the assembly and was sent to England as an agent of Pennsylvania .In 1965 he sought to prevent the passage of the Stamp Act and this led to him being examined before the house of the commons. The same year he was appointed as the agent of Massachusetts, New Jersey and Georgia and he visited Gottingen University. In 1767, he travelled in France and was presented in court. He then procured a telescope for Harvard College in 1769.In 1772 he was elected as Associe Estranger of the French Academy. After 2 years he was dismissed from the office of Post master -General and he managed to influence Thomas Paine to immigrate to America.
He returned to America in 1775 and was chosen as a delegate to the second continental congress. In the same year he was placed on the committee of secret correspondence and appointed one of the commissioners to secure the cooperation of Canada. In 1976, Benjamin was placed on the committee that was to] draft a declaration of independence and he was then chosen as the president of the constitutional committee of Pennsylvania and was then sent to France as the agent of the colonies. He then concluded treaties of defensive alliance and of amity and commerce then received in court.
In 1779, He was appointed as the minister Plenipotentiary to France. He then appoints Paul Jones as the commander of the Alliance after one year. In 1782 he signed the preliminary article of peace and 1983 signed the definite treaty of peace. In 1785.Benjamin franklin returned to America and was chosen as the president of Pennsylvania and was reelected as the president in 1786.In the year 1787 he was again reelected as the president and was sent as the delegate to the convention for framing a Federal Constitution. Benjamin franklin retired from politics in 1788 .He died on April 17, 1790 and is grave is in the churchyard at fifth and Arch streets, Philadelphia.
References
Franklin, B. (2007). The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: 1706-1757 (Vol. 1). Regnery Publishing.
Franklin, B. (1882). The Works of Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography. pt. 2. Continuation, by Jared Sparks. Appendix(Vol. 1). T. MacCoun.
Masur, L. P. (1993). The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.
The Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson is not your typical autobiography. I say this because unlike most autobiography authors, Jefferson does not tell the story of his life in his book. Thomas Jefferson started writing the autobiography when he was seventy-seven years old as he states in the opening paragraph with “At the age of 77, I begin to make some memoranda and state some recollections of dates & facts concerning myself, for my own more ready reference & for the information of my family” (Jefferson 1). Throughout the autobiography, Jefferson discusses in little detail his specific role in each of the political movements in which he was involved. Jefferson starts his autobiography out by giving a very brief description of his childhood. He then moves into his adulthood and tells about how he married, Martha Skelton. Jefferson then proceeds straight into describing how The Declaration of Independence came to be. He begins by writing about the meeting of the congressmen, then moves into discussing the many repeals and votes, and then ends the chapter with the signing of the document on July 4th, 1776.
The autobiography then continues by discussing the Articles of Confederation. It is where we first are exposed to the topic of slavery and white inhabitants. It is also where we start to see the thoughts of the congressmen when it comes to the subject of slaves in the colony and how they should be accounted for when it comes to votes in the colony’s election process. The colony leaders describe the slaves as being property and compare them to livestock like cattle, horses, and sheep. They even state“…that negroes should not be considered as members of the state more than cattle & that they have no more interest in it” (Jefferson 26). This one quote helps to summarize how the members of the colony had no care for the slaves that they possessed; they just used the slaves for free labor to try and better their own lives.
Thomas Jefferson is most famously known to have been the third President of the United States of America and for writing the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson did more for America than most people know, he also did things that many people question. Jefferson always had controversy surrounding him and his slaves. So, was it possible that Jefferson was a hypocrite about slavery, and only wrote what the population wanted to hear to try and convince them that he was the great leader that everybody thought? Jefferson should not be viewed as a hypocrite because even though he did own slaves, he inherited them from his father and needed the labor to live the life that he wanted. Jefferson wanted to make significant changes in the country, but he knew if he did he wouldn’t have been able to gain many followers. Maybe, if Jefferson would have made his serious changes, he could have changed history as we know it today. There might not have ever been a Civil War, or the Civil Rights Movement if Jefferson would have been able to free all slaves in America at the time.
Work Cited
Fowler, Robert Booth. “Mythologies of a Founder.” Thomas Jefferson and the Politics of Nature. Ed. Thomas S. Engeman, University of Notre Dame Press, 2000. 123-141. Rpt. In Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Menzo and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 103. Gale, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.
“Jefferson and his Slaves.” The Wilson Quarterly 28.1(2004): 96. Literature Resource Center. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.
Jefferson, Thomas. Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2005. Print.
“Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello.” Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: A Brief Account Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2017.
Question on Core Competency, VRIO, and Competitive Advantage college application essay helpQuestion 1:
Many institutions have used the triple bottom line as a sustainability technique to support their goals (Slaper and Hall). For instance, Toms and Recology Inc. can have a competitive advantage based on the triple bottom line approach since it subscribes to the three Ps of the procedure. When the company sells a pair of shoes, it gives back to society by donating another pair to the needy people in different parts of the globe, thus ensuring that their lives are improved. Additionally, when it produces eyewear, part of its profit is used to restore the eyesight of the needy people in developing countries. Recology Inc., on the other hand, saves the environment by managing waste that could otherwise be harmful. It has also built a resource ecosystem that sustains the community. Toms Company will be able to make more profit from the brand image it will have established through the strategy it employs. More customers will buy its products knowing that part of the proceeds goes to the less fortunate, and thus, earning the company more profit. By avoiding the ultra-competitive urban market, Waste Connections will be able to avoid competition and hence, make profit from less competitive markets. Recology Inc., on the other hand, will bank on the brand image and the reputation it will have attracted from the community from the projects it will have introduced to the community to get more customers for their products and earn more profit as a result.
Question 2:
A core competency is essential in creating a competitive advantage which will help the firm break into new markets (“Core Competencies”). Toms’ core competencies are contained in the way that it gives back to society in every sale of its products. The fact that the company has a model that each product sold has the potential of assisting a needy person is one of its strongest competencies and will draw customers to the firm. Customers are attracted to a course that leads to helping society, and this will grow the firm’s brand image. Through this strategy, the company can achieve high employee retention which makes it sustainable in the long run.
Question 3:
Toms has a better competitive advantage that is aimed at serving the public while, at the same time, earn a profit. The main power that it gains is a higher customer and staff retention. Customers and staff will be happy that by associating with the firm, they are helping the needy in the process and thus will stick with the company. By maintaining its customers, the company ensures that its sales are high and with the company’s brand growing from its business approach, its profit margins would rise. Therefore, this makes it difficult for competitors to compete with the firm and they will need to understand the method that Toms uses for them to employ it to match their advantage. Unfortunately, this would take a long time for the customers to identify with their brand.
Question 4:
Toms Company employs the use of Tripple Bottom Line strategy to gain a competitive advantage over other firms in the industry. This strategy ensures that it earns the company a high profit while, at the same time, the company gives back to society. This is an effective strategy that will enhance the growth of the institution’s brand image and better its profit margins while retaining its customers. I would not recommend any changes to this strategy since it will help differentiate the company from its competitors while, at the same time, earn it profit. This strategy is beneficial to the company and society.
Work Cited
“Core Competencies.” Bain, 2018, https://www.bain.com/insights/management-tools-core-competencies/.
Slaper, Timothy F., and Tanya J. Hall. “The Triple Bottom Line: What Is It And How Does It Work?”. Ibrc.Indiana.Edu, 2011, http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/ibr/2011/spring/article2.html.
Aviation Policy online essay helpPart One
Executive Summary
The operations of air transport are influenced by many factors, whether it is among the factor that can halt all the activities in the aviation industry. There is a department within the aviation industry that is tasked with the responsibility of ensuring the stakeholders such as the pilots are aware of weather patterns of the areas that they will be flying the airplanes too. Knowing the weather of the city that the pilots are flying to enables them to come up with ways of ensuring that the planes will be able to fly in such areas successfully.
Introduction
The aviation industry also influenced the climatic and weather conditions of many places where people have never gone before. The aviation industry engages in various types of activities that are meant to destroy and influence climate negatively. The oil that runs the machines of the airplane is among the leading machines that destroy the environment. There are thousands of planes traveling to various destinations around the world. There are no jet engines that are designed to consume less fuel and emit fewer gases as well. More research is being done by airplane manufacturers to reduce the number of dangerous gases being reduced.
Approach and Results
The greenhouse gases being produced by the aircrafts after the engine burns oil is among the factors that contribute to climate change in the word. The carbon gases being produced by engines like that of an airplane are believed to lead global warming in the world (Higham, Cohen, Cavaliere, Reis, and Finkler, 2016). Over a recent couple of years the average temperature in the world has increased significantly. Scientists believe that increased number of planes in the world pollutes the environment more than the emissions of major companies in the world combined. Among the ways to solve the challenge is by developing planes that use less fuel and emit fewer gases.
The e-waste from the aircraft is another factor contributing to the destruction of the environment. The airplanes need to be serviced regularly, and therefore some parts are taken off and replaced with the new ones (Higham, Cohen, Cavaliere, Reis, and Finkler, 2016). Over the recent past, e-waste has increased in the world, and they manly pollute the environment where they are dumped making the use of the land in the area difficult. Other e-waste materials are washed away into the rivers and oceans, and they affect the lives of the animals that live in water. The pollution by air transport has caused climate change where the weather patterns.
When the weather patterns change, the aviation industry is also influenced because there are certain weather conditions that aircrafts cannot be able to fly (Higham, Cohen, Cavaliere, Reis, and Finkler, 2016). The stakeholders in the aviation industry need to understand that they will also be affected by the change in climatic conditions; therefore, they should come up with ways to ensure that the climate change is regulated in order to reduce the consequences that come with the climatic and weather pattern change. When there are extreme weather conditions that are influenced by climate change the aviation industry loses a lot of finances due to the cancelation of flights.
Conclusion
In conclusion, climate change influences air transport negatively; hence measures need to be taken to reduce the adverse effect of climate change. The aviation industry also contributes to climate change in various ways; hence the stakeholders can come up with strategies to mitigate climate change.
Implications and Recommendations
The impacts of climate change are that different sectors of the economy are influenced; hence the economy of the country affected suffers as a whole. The change in weather patterns influence the livelihood of many people and sometimes even lead to death. Many planes have crashed because of poor weather killing many people. I would recommend that all the stakeholders perform their role in mitigating climate.
Part Two
Executive Summary
Aviation industry continues to revolutionize in the world where more technologies related to aviation in order to make the industry more efficient. The demand for air transport is increasing, and therefore the stakeholders need to come up with ways to ensure that they meet the increasing demand. In the next couple of years, the government needs to invest in infrastructure such as airports that support air transport in order to meet the growing need for air transport. The economy of the United Kingdom is growing; therefore, the increase in middle class among the population will increase the demand for air transport in the United Kingdom.
Introduction
The government has seen the increasing demand for air transport and has tried to come up with measures to meet the rising demand. Among the strategies being used by the government is expanding the existing airports to give them the capacity to handle more customers and planes that need to land and take off on the airports. The government has faced challenges trying to convince people living near airports to relocate in order to provide room for the expansion of the airports.
Approach and Results
The approach that the United Kingdom is using is developing a partnership with significant aviation players in the world in order to come up with strategies of meeting the ever-increasing demand for air transport. Engaging major stakeholders will help the United Kingdom to counter extreme competition that it could get from the competitors that are well established. The United Kingdom government is investing a lot of resources in the aviation industry to ensure that it enjoys the growth of the industry.
By 2050 new modern aircrafts will be used in the aviation industry, more research is being done on how the current planes can be improved to make them more efficient and secure while flying people to different destinations (Peeters, Higham, Kutzner, Cohen, and Gössling, 2016). Among the improvement being done is to the planes use less fuel hence reducing the cost of running the aircrafts from one destination to the other. Companies face challenges in making a profit due to the increased cost of running the aircraft. Also, the airplanes are made to become more secure during the flight to increase the security of travelers from crushing.
New companies have been formed to fill the demand that exists in the aviation industry, and big airline companies have specialized in transporting people across continents hence the new medium companies are filling the gap of taking the passenger to their immediate destination(Peeters, Higham, Kutzner, Cohen, and Gössling, 2016). The easy access to air transport will increase the rate of traveling of people to different destinations around the globe. The aviation companies are aiming at improving customer experience as a way of trying to make the trip memorable to the travelers. When the customers are satisfied with the services, they are highly likely to become loyal customers in order to continue enjoying the experience and the services.
Reference
Higham, J., Cohen, S.A., Cavaliere, C.T., Reis, A., and Finkler, W., 2016. Climate change, tourist air travel, and radical emissions reduction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, pp.336-347.
Peeters, P., Higham, J., Kutzner, D., Cohen, S. and Gössling, S., 2016. Are technology myths stalling aviation climate policy?. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 44, pp.30-42.
Case Analysis: Boumediene v. Bush college essay help onlineIssue
(General) above all habeas corpus petitions filed by citizens who are not of American nationality and detainees at Guantanamo Bay, was the military commission’s act of 2006 impeding federal jurisdiction?
(Specific) does the MCA violate federal courts jurisdiction to consider petitioners habeas applications which states that petitioners are not permitted to habeas and the suspension clause of the constitution indicating habeas cannot be suspended except in times of rebellion or invasion?
(Sub-issue) do aliens referred to enemy combatants detained at Guantanamo have the rights to habeas corpus and if they have the constitutional privilege and if they have the legal opportunity of habeas corpus?
(Sub-issue) do the convicts at Guantanamo have the constitutional rights to the protection of the fifth amendment and the right not to be underprivileged without the right procedure of the law?
(Sub-issue) Are the detainees entitled to challenge MCA statutory provisions of before petitioning of the judicial review? And if so does the MCA construct a suitable substitute preparation for habeas corpus?
Rule
The D.C court of appeals finalized that jurisdiction should consider petitioners habeas applications, that is petitioners are not entitled to habeas or the protections of the suspension clause which states; the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion.
The court does not accept the governments premise that de jure sovereignty is the touchstone of habeas jurisdiction.
Supreme Court appeals that the Guantanamo detainees were entitled to submit habeas corpus petitions to the federal judges to determine if the government had sufficient evidence to justify their prolonged detention without charge.
Analysis
Boumediene v. bush develops from the captured and detained individuals fighting against the United States after which a combatant status review was established to determine if the arrested at the naval station at Guantanamo Bay were terrorists. The petitioners then filed a court order of habeas corpus in the district court which ordered their cases removed due to lack of jurisdiction because Guantanamo is outside the United States territory. However, the court reversed the writ placing the extension of their claims. For the habeas writ, the court conducting collateral proceeding must have the ability to correct any errors and consider relevant evidence that was not introduced during earlier proceedings.
Petitioners were permitted to seek the writ or to invoke the suspension clause protection since they had the constitutional privileged of habeas corpus. The summons may be suspended only when public safety requires it in times of rebellion or invasion.
Government proclaims that the Guantanamo Bay is more closely analogous to Scotland and Hanover, where the writ did not run and if the ordinary law courts in the area lacked authority to issue out the writ. However, at Guantanamo, the suspension clause has the full effect and according to the government’s argument is that the suspension clause grants petitioners no rights since the United States do not claim any sovereignty over the naval station.
The court also engaged territorial incorporations or state where the constitution applies in full destined for statehood but only grouped with incorporated territories.
The DTA review process lacks a substitute for habeas offering petitioners a burden establishing it. The absence of provisions which the DTA is limited off allows the petitioners to challenge the president’s authorities.
Conclusion
The federal courts, in the end, should refrain an enemy combatant’s habeas petition from entertaining until after the CSRT has had a chance to overlook over the status. The suspension clause has the full effect at Guantanamo Bay. The procedures aligned in the detainee treatment act were not sufficient for habeas corpus as detainees were not permitted to proceed with exculpatory evidence and were not in the combatant status review proceedings. The review procedures in the federal court before any proceedings were not needed having the detainees to exhaust the review procedures with their habeas activities given already but in delay.
References
Liam, g. (2019). {{meta.pageTitle}}. [online] {{meta.siteName}}. Available at: https://www.oyez.org/cases/2007/06-1195 [Accessed 26 Mar. 2019].
Boumediene v. Bush. (n.d). Oyez. Retrieved March 26, 2019, from https://www.oyez.org/cases/2007/06-1195
Deniston, Lyle. “Boumediene V Bush – Cases | Laws.Com.” Cases.Laws.Com, 2019, https://cases.laws.com/boumediene-v-bush.
Neumann, ‘Extraterritorial rights and constitutional methodology after Rasul v. Bush’, 2005 University of Pennsylvania Law Review, p. 2077
Gannet, Luka. “Boumediene V. Bush | the Federalist Society.” Fedsoc.Org, 2019, https://fedsoc.org/commentary/publications/boumediene-v-bush.