Environmental pollution caused by disposal of plastics waste to the surroundings
Name
Institution
Environmental pollution caused by disposal of plastics waste to the surroundings
Sources for the review
A thorough examination of the situation in the society indicates that there exists a problem due to the disposal of plastic wastes on the environment. After reading the works by the title “hot flat and crowded, why we need a green revolution” and “the Short List” by Friedman, and Gerald and Paul respectively, the sentiment is affirmed since the authors imply that the problems has been persistence for quite some time, despite people overlooking the issue. However, due to the urge to improve the situation, proposal infers to the ideas of other scholars in exploring the intricacies of conservation from an objective perspective. As intended, sustainability, which requires concerted efforts, is collective responsibility because the pollution of the environment affects all. Therefore, as echoed in the sentiments of the members of the World Watch Institute, coordination in the elimination of components that contribute to the degradation of the ecosystem is mandatory. This is because the desire of ecologists is to create a balance in the ecosystem. As reiterated in the discussion of the 11th hour, which is a film by Dir. Nadia, Pertersen, and Leonardo, the participation of man is necessary for correcting the wrongs committed in the process of exploitation of natural resources such as forests.
Impacts of disposal of plastic on the sustainability of the environment
Pollution connotes the act of people engaging in practices that degrade the environment either directly or indirectly. As discussed above, the continuation in the disposal of harmful plastic wastes is an issue since the increases in cases of pollution is degrading forested lands and water bodies. Even though the magnitude of the problems is unknown, it is critical to focus on bringing to s stop the damages posed by the activity and the suitable strategy for doing so entail addressing the increase in volumes of wastes on the ecosystem. According to Friedman (2008), manufacturers are producing the commodity at an alarming rate while ignoring the fact that continuation of the manufacture of the materials will contribute to pollution. The production of the commodity compromise on the ability of future generations living in a conducive environment since the existing forests will have succumbed to pollution from plastics. The likely scenario in the future is that continued production and use of the plastics will lead to the emission of greenhouse gasses as people seek to destroy them. In cases where people will opt to bury the waste on earth, the components will form a carbon sink that will make the soil less productive for agriculture. In general, all the measures will result in the pollution of the environment hence the need to address the issue of plastic use with much caution. According to Knight Geoff (2012), it is advisable using biodegradable bags for packaging of food items as opposed to using polythene or plastic of any kind. The reason for the decision is that discouraging the use of polythene bags could contribute immensely to the conservation of the forests. Therefore, as discussed, Americans need to devise alternatives to the use of plastic since carelessness in the disposal of the material, after usage contributes to the degradation of the environment especially because forests sustainability requires eradication of such pollutants. Among the proposed alternatives is the use of biodegradable packages made of organic materials such as fibers. In some cases, people should use reusable containers for the transportation of items to limit dependency on plastics.
Background information
Historical data on the use of the material indicate that the production of the commodity took place for the first time in a factory in London in 1862. At the time, the advances in sciences were not like the situation today where scientists use various technologies in the production of the material. The commodity was in the form of formaldehyde resins before the adoption of thermosetting technology in 1908 that led to the advance in approach for manufacturing the product.
For many years, manufacturers had packaged food products on paper until the beginning of the twentieth century when things began to change following the increase in demand for cheaper packaging materials. As a way of reducing costs of production and providing more inexpensive packaging materials, manufacturers resorted to the use of polythene among many other forms of synthetic materials. The decision revolutionized manufacturing leading to the shift in the use of synthetic in packaging of foodstuff. As of late nineties, a significant number of industries had moved away from using fiber and paper despite the consequences that the use of plastic posed. The trend has continued for years until the recent times where a significant majority of producers use plastic packaging. In an attempt to discourage its use due to the adverse impacts, plastics poses, environmentalist should approach the issue holistically by evaluating the economic impacts of their decision. Afterward, they should recommend the use of eco-friendly resources such as paper wraps for foodstuff.
The topic for selection for now is on the pollution, particularly, the degradation of the forests following the disposal of polythene wastes among many other non-biodegradable components in the ecosystem. The interest on the topic emanates from the fact that either the combustion of disposal of plastic cause environmental pollution yet the demand for the commodity is on the increase. Consequently, continuous production of plastics poses a threat to natural plants that depend on aerated soil for growth. Another problem with the production of the commodity that makes the issue a concern is that manufacturers are resorting to using plastic even in situations where the use of the components in packaging is unnecessary. Hence, the objective of the proposal is the elimination of pollution by providing an alternative source for packaging of foodstuff. The outcome will be the minimization of the use of plastics, which contributes immensely to the decline in vegetation growth.
The central issue
The theme of the discussion is environmental conservation with a particular focus on the elimination of the negative impacts of the disposal of plastics in the environment. According to Knight Geof (2012), the author of the book plastic pollution, choosing to either burn the products or bury the waste in soils poses with it dire consequences. Hence, it is advisable seeking an alternative to the use of the pollutants since there exist the risks of more damage emanating from the use of plastics. An additional challenge that might originate from the use of plastics is that various communities struggle sustaining forest growth due to the prevalence in the disposal of wastes that cannot degrade in the soils.
Records of Eco Watch indicate that American cities produce wastes of large quantities. A case in point is the disposal of plastics in Los Angeles surpassing ten metric tons in 24 hours. Additional data imply that the production of the same components will exceed the quantities produced over the last century in a decade.
Purpose
The purpose of the proposal is seeking an alternative means for packaging foodstuff among other items thus minimizing the degradation of the environment due to careless disposal of polythene waste. In particular, organic materials like fiber should serve in the packaging of foodstuffs. The study also seeks to enlighten people on the dangers of people disposing of plastic among other pollutants on the environment. It also seeks to encourage innovation that would lead to adaptation of practical techniques for disposal of harmful wastes.
Audience’s needs
The needs of the US citizens are living in a sustainable environment with minimal impacts of pollution that compromise on the quality of life for people hence the discussion is on topics that seek the answer to the concern. Another concern of the residents of cities like Los Angeles is that continuation in the increase of global population will increase the demand for plastics. This will make it difficult for industries to reduce the production of commodities for use in homes. In an attempt to solve the issue, audiences who happen to comprise mostly of scholars in environmental studies are seeking an alternative ways of packaging contents without compromising on the quality of life of users of commodities. Lastly, the interest of the majority of the audience is advancing environmental conservation activities in order to minimize the adverse impacts of pollution of the environment. As noted by Knight (2012), who is also an environmental speaker, the situation is of more concern along riverbeds where the materials pollute the waters leading to the decline in aquatic species in some regions. In the Pacific coast along California beach, for instances, cases have been reported of plastic waste constituting the majority of garbage in the seabed.
Possible solutions
The possible solution for consideration in the topic is sensitizing the masses through education on the suitable ways for curbing the population of the environment. The second strategy for addressing the situation entails enacting legislation that will discourage people from engaging in activities that contribute to the pollution of the environment. Another strategy for dealing with the problem is completely eradicating the use of bags in packaging. Instead, manufacturers should provide people with an alternative, which is embracing the use of biodegradable materials in the manufacture of packaging materials for use in food processing industries. The same should apply in the production of packaging materials for use in carrying the luggage of different quantity.
In the education of the masses, activists should emphasize the benefits of disposing of plastic waste appropriately as a stratagem for the eradication of the problem in the community. The action that follows should entail the use of a combination of stratagems that includes enactment of stringent policies and providing an alternative to the use of plastics. It is also necessary encouraging people to use the packages for more than once since records of Eco Watch (2015) imply that people use the contents once. The technique can work effectively for plastic bottles and containers that facilitate beverage service. Additionally, it is advisable encouraging people to return old bags to factories for recycling. Community organizations should steer initiatives aimed at helping people to desist from using plastic in the package of food components that can fit well with other forms of storage. A case in point is packing meals for schoolchildren in the lunch box as opposed to using polythene bags for the storage of the food items.
Lawmakers worldwide have the responsibility of enacting stringent policies that encourage recycling of wastes in order to reduce quantities of plastics disposed of in the ecosystem. Since the entertainment industries contribute in the productions of wastes through the manufacture of compacts disks, the industry stakeholders have the duty of encouraging consumers to use digital contents online without retrieving the data into disks. The process in turn will minimize the quantities of waste resulting from the disposal of digitals resources such as video disks. Throughout the processes, the parties surcharged with the responsibility of advancing conservation activities should record the progress of the program in order to facilitate evaluation in the future. It is also necessary encouraging people to embrace responsible practices such as disposing of waste items in the right places (John, 2008). People should also willfully undertake clean-up initiatives besides discouraging the rest from leaving plastic containers unattended to in public places.
Objections to solution
There exists the likelihood of people opposition the solution based on the premise that human being have the tendency to oppose ideas that discourage exploitation of resources that exist in plenty. Another possible reason for the opposition to the solution is that the strategy could compromise on the growth of the economy as expected by the beneficiaries of the exploitation of the resources.
There has been a lack of understanding of the suitable ways to encourage masses to desist from using the packages. Records also indicate that organizations that support the practice have faced stiff opposition in various parts of the globe. For that reason, the article proposes an inclusive strategy in will the suggestions of all parties influence the outcome of the decision proposed by the proponents of sustainability. Few people show interest in discussing the subject since the situation is not a problem to some (Kevles, 2008). Interestingly, the pollution of the environment due to careless disposal of plastic waste is on the rise in different parts of the globe.
Cases of people polluting the environment due to ignorance are on the increase nowadays and as such, the education of the masses to discourage continuation of such practices in mandatory. In the process, a business that benefits from the sale of polythene bags should liaise with other beneficiaries of the use of the commodity in opposing the implementation of stratagems aimed at curbing the rampant use of the plastics. It will also take longer periods inculcating in people the culture of conserving environment since a majority is used to engaging in practices that destroy the ecosystem (Gardner & Paul, 2008). Another possible challenge in the implementation of the solution is that few people are willing to invest in environmental conservation practices that contradict the expectation of the populace. Therefore, the number of stakeholders investing in the business will stagnate.
In conclusion, the widespread production of plastics is contributing in some way to the pollution of the environment, which in turn affects vegetation growth. Therefore, in an attempt to enhance sustainability, it is necessary addressing the issue. As discussed, the proposed solution includes encouraging people to embrace responsible behavior that will minimize the disposal of plastic wastes in the environment. Another alternative is using biodegradable materials in the products in of packages materials. In the process, coordination amid environmentalist with other stakeholders such as the government is crucial in enhancing sustainable practices.
References
Friedman, T.L. (2008). Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why we Need a Green Revolution – and how it can Renew America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux,
Gardner, G & Paul C. S. (2008). “The Short List: The Most Effective Actions U.S. Households Can Take to Curb Climate Change.” Environment. 50. 5: ProQuest. 24 Oct. 2008.
John F. (Nov. 2008). “I Walk the Earth”. TED Talks. 16 May 2009. 19 minutes
Kevles, D J. (2008). “The Contested Earth: Science, Equity & the Environment.” Daedalus. 137. 2 ProQuest. Web. 25 Oct. 2008.
Knight, G. (2012). Plastic Pollution. Capstone Classroom.
The 11th Hour. (2007). Dir. Nadia Conners, Leila Conners Pertersen. Narr. Leonardo DiCaprio. Warner Bros. DVD.
Worldwatch Institute (10 June 2009). Vision for a Sustainable World. Viewed on 15 April 2015. Retrieved from http://www.worldwatch.org. Web.
Name
Instructor
Course
Date
History
Books are written for many reasons, among them is the desire to educate the masses on significance of past events on the developments in modern society. Using Lepore’s composition, many objectives exist, but the one that stands out is the desire to establish the significance of the relationship between the character and the president on the history of America. According to many of the readers of the book, the goal was to sensitize the audiences about the unknown events that influence presidents’ behavior. Few, on the other hand, believe that the writer wanted to inform people about the history of the nation in a unique way. The rest present contradictory information about the objective of the author hence the reason the paper sheds light on the importance of the works of Lepore. Despite the selectivity in the use of literary tools, the paper present answers the fundamental question on what motivated Lepore in composing the biography.
The significance of Lepore’s works
Reading the book gives the impressions that little was known about the life of Jane from her childhood till the time she became a mother. The only information known is that she was an avid reader, as well as a competent writer. She also undertook obligations that helped shaped America to its present status. According to her brother, Jane was perplexing in choosing to lead a reserved life while at the same time influencing the behavior of the rest in her community. Another paradox in her life is that people knew less about her relationship with the president, yet she contributed immensely to history of the nation. Her actions demystified the notion that it is only famous characters who make history. Furthermore, many authors knew less about Jane hence the author spent so much time in presenting historical information to audiences. Had people known much about the oratory characters past, Lepore could have concentrated in writing books on other subjects.
Another objective of the writer in studying historical data on the life of Jane is enhancing objectivity in reporting. In composing the book, Lepore is seeking clarification to issues which have bedeviled the society for years. He has the feeling that failing to present information about the life of the character will create room for other people to distort facts. As a result, people will lack a clear understanding of the significance of the character in the play as well as her role in the family. The author of the book also has the habit of writing historical pieces, thus there is no exception in him choosing to expose the life of a sister of Franklin. Moreover, presentation of information from diverse perspective is also the motive of the author in analyzing the behavior of characters who helped shaped history. Furthermore, people focus much on the lives of prominent people without acknowledging that reserved characters also shape the society. Therefore, in the case of Lepore¸ the composition is meant to demystify the conception that introverts rarely influence the behavior of the rest in the society.
The author related various materials in the composition of the biography an indication that the character was secretive in some ways. From the narration, Jane’s reserved attitude made it difficult for people to understand the character. In particular, Jane was unique in many ways hence the reason it is logical for the writer to present information about her life. As portrayed in the book of ages, she shaped the history of the nation, even though her contribution was indirect. Her frequent communication with the presidents suggests the possibility of the Jane influencing decision making on national matters. There also exists the likelihood that the girl inspired Benjamin franklin in offering moral leadership to the populace in America.
Everyone in the society has a history worth telling to the masses, but few in the population stand out due to their immense contribution in shaping the global history. An example in case is Jane Franklin who had the guts to advice the president whenever she felt the leaders was wrong. Unlike other characters who shaped American history, Jane preferred living a lifestyle that made her unpopular. She could have used her oratory skills to seek fame, but she wanted to conceal her identity to the masses. According to the brother, she was a polite girl who chose to relate well with her peers. It was also rare encountering Jane engaging in squabbles with other members of the community. The only time she rubbed people the wrong way is when she uttered shrewd political sentiments. Despite her courageousness, she showed respect to her brother in addition to championing the rights of women.
Lastly, the book is more about Jane as it is about the American leader. In addition to shedding light to the intricacies of interpersonal relationship on behavior, the book demystifies the notion that it is only the famous who shaped global history. The mutual relationship between the president and the sister contributed immensely to the fatherhood role that Frankline played. Jane, on the other hand, developed her social skills through interactions with the president. Being an avid reader complimented her knowledge even though she did inform many why she read much.
Bibliography
Lepore, Jill. Book of Ages: The Life and Opinions of Jane Franklin. Random House LLC, 2013.
Environmental pollution caused by disposal of plastics waste to the surroundings essay help onlineEnvironmental pollution caused by disposal of plastics waste to the surroundings
Name
Institution
Environmental pollution caused by disposal of plastics waste to the surroundings
Sources for the review
A thorough examination of the situation in the society indicates that there exists a problem due to the disposal of plastic wastes on the environment. After reading the works by the title “hot flat and crowded, why we need a green revolution” and “the Short List” by Friedman, and Gerald and Paul respectively, the sentiment is affirmed since the authors imply that the problems has been persistence for quite some time, despite people overlooking the issue. However, due to the urge to improve the situation, proposal infers to the ideas of other scholars in exploring the intricacies of conservation from an objective perspective. As intended, sustainability, which requires concerted efforts, is collective responsibility because the pollution of the environment affects all. Therefore, as echoed in the sentiments of the members of the World Watch Institute, coordination in the elimination of components that contribute to the degradation of the ecosystem is mandatory. This is because the desire of ecologists is to create a balance in the ecosystem. As reiterated in the discussion of the 11th hour, which is a film by Dir. Nadia, Pertersen, and Leonardo, the participation of man is necessary for correcting the wrongs committed in the process of exploitation of natural resources such as forests.
Impacts of disposal of plastic on the sustainability of the environment
Pollution connotes the act of people engaging in practices that degrade the environment either directly or indirectly. As discussed above, the continuation in the disposal of harmful plastic wastes is an issue since the increases in cases of pollution is degrading forested lands and water bodies. Even though the magnitude of the problems is unknown, it is critical to focus on bringing to s stop the damages posed by the activity and the suitable strategy for doing so entail addressing the increase in volumes of wastes on the ecosystem. According to Friedman (2008), manufacturers are producing the commodity at an alarming rate while ignoring the fact that continuation of the manufacture of the materials will contribute to pollution. The production of the commodity compromise on the ability of future generations living in a conducive environment since the existing forests will have succumbed to pollution from plastics. The likely scenario in the future is that continued production and use of the plastics will lead to the emission of greenhouse gasses as people seek to destroy them. In cases where people will opt to bury the waste on earth, the components will form a carbon sink that will make the soil less productive for agriculture. In general, all the measures will result in the pollution of the environment hence the need to address the issue of plastic use with much caution. According to Knight Geoff (2012), it is advisable using biodegradable bags for packaging of food items as opposed to using polythene or plastic of any kind. The reason for the decision is that discouraging the use of polythene bags could contribute immensely to the conservation of the forests. Therefore, as discussed, Americans need to devise alternatives to the use of plastic since carelessness in the disposal of the material, after usage contributes to the degradation of the environment especially because forests sustainability requires eradication of such pollutants. Among the proposed alternatives is the use of biodegradable packages made of organic materials such as fibers. In some cases, people should use reusable containers for the transportation of items to limit dependency on plastics.
Background information
Historical data on the use of the material indicate that the production of the commodity took place for the first time in a factory in London in 1862. At the time, the advances in sciences were not like the situation today where scientists use various technologies in the production of the material. The commodity was in the form of formaldehyde resins before the adoption of thermosetting technology in 1908 that led to the advance in approach for manufacturing the product.
For many years, manufacturers had packaged food products on paper until the beginning of the twentieth century when things began to change following the increase in demand for cheaper packaging materials. As a way of reducing costs of production and providing more inexpensive packaging materials, manufacturers resorted to the use of polythene among many other forms of synthetic materials. The decision revolutionized manufacturing leading to the shift in the use of synthetic in packaging of foodstuff. As of late nineties, a significant number of industries had moved away from using fiber and paper despite the consequences that the use of plastic posed. The trend has continued for years until the recent times where a significant majority of producers use plastic packaging. In an attempt to discourage its use due to the adverse impacts, plastics poses, environmentalist should approach the issue holistically by evaluating the economic impacts of their decision. Afterward, they should recommend the use of eco-friendly resources such as paper wraps for foodstuff.
The topic for selection for now is on the pollution, particularly, the degradation of the forests following the disposal of polythene wastes among many other non-biodegradable components in the ecosystem. The interest on the topic emanates from the fact that either the combustion of disposal of plastic cause environmental pollution yet the demand for the commodity is on the increase. Consequently, continuous production of plastics poses a threat to natural plants that depend on aerated soil for growth. Another problem with the production of the commodity that makes the issue a concern is that manufacturers are resorting to using plastic even in situations where the use of the components in packaging is unnecessary. Hence, the objective of the proposal is the elimination of pollution by providing an alternative source for packaging of foodstuff. The outcome will be the minimization of the use of plastics, which contributes immensely to the decline in vegetation growth.
The central issue
The theme of the discussion is environmental conservation with a particular focus on the elimination of the negative impacts of the disposal of plastics in the environment. According to Knight Geof (2012), the author of the book plastic pollution, choosing to either burn the products or bury the waste in soils poses with it dire consequences. Hence, it is advisable seeking an alternative to the use of the pollutants since there exist the risks of more damage emanating from the use of plastics. An additional challenge that might originate from the use of plastics is that various communities struggle sustaining forest growth due to the prevalence in the disposal of wastes that cannot degrade in the soils.
Records of Eco Watch indicate that American cities produce wastes of large quantities. A case in point is the disposal of plastics in Los Angeles surpassing ten metric tons in 24 hours. Additional data imply that the production of the same components will exceed the quantities produced over the last century in a decade.
Purpose
The purpose of the proposal is seeking an alternative means for packaging foodstuff among other items thus minimizing the degradation of the environment due to careless disposal of polythene waste. In particular, organic materials like fiber should serve in the packaging of foodstuffs. The study also seeks to enlighten people on the dangers of people disposing of plastic among other pollutants on the environment. It also seeks to encourage innovation that would lead to adaptation of practical techniques for disposal of harmful wastes.
Audience’s needs
The needs of the US citizens are living in a sustainable environment with minimal impacts of pollution that compromise on the quality of life for people hence the discussion is on topics that seek the answer to the concern. Another concern of the residents of cities like Los Angeles is that continuation in the increase of global population will increase the demand for plastics. This will make it difficult for industries to reduce the production of commodities for use in homes. In an attempt to solve the issue, audiences who happen to comprise mostly of scholars in environmental studies are seeking an alternative ways of packaging contents without compromising on the quality of life of users of commodities. Lastly, the interest of the majority of the audience is advancing environmental conservation activities in order to minimize the adverse impacts of pollution of the environment. As noted by Knight (2012), who is also an environmental speaker, the situation is of more concern along riverbeds where the materials pollute the waters leading to the decline in aquatic species in some regions. In the Pacific coast along California beach, for instances, cases have been reported of plastic waste constituting the majority of garbage in the seabed.
Possible solutions
The possible solution for consideration in the topic is sensitizing the masses through education on the suitable ways for curbing the population of the environment. The second strategy for addressing the situation entails enacting legislation that will discourage people from engaging in activities that contribute to the pollution of the environment. Another strategy for dealing with the problem is completely eradicating the use of bags in packaging. Instead, manufacturers should provide people with an alternative, which is embracing the use of biodegradable materials in the manufacture of packaging materials for use in food processing industries. The same should apply in the production of packaging materials for use in carrying the luggage of different quantity.
In the education of the masses, activists should emphasize the benefits of disposing of plastic waste appropriately as a stratagem for the eradication of the problem in the community. The action that follows should entail the use of a combination of stratagems that includes enactment of stringent policies and providing an alternative to the use of plastics. It is also necessary encouraging people to use the packages for more than once since records of Eco Watch (2015) imply that people use the contents once. The technique can work effectively for plastic bottles and containers that facilitate beverage service. Additionally, it is advisable encouraging people to return old bags to factories for recycling. Community organizations should steer initiatives aimed at helping people to desist from using plastic in the package of food components that can fit well with other forms of storage. A case in point is packing meals for schoolchildren in the lunch box as opposed to using polythene bags for the storage of the food items.
Lawmakers worldwide have the responsibility of enacting stringent policies that encourage recycling of wastes in order to reduce quantities of plastics disposed of in the ecosystem. Since the entertainment industries contribute in the productions of wastes through the manufacture of compacts disks, the industry stakeholders have the duty of encouraging consumers to use digital contents online without retrieving the data into disks. The process in turn will minimize the quantities of waste resulting from the disposal of digitals resources such as video disks. Throughout the processes, the parties surcharged with the responsibility of advancing conservation activities should record the progress of the program in order to facilitate evaluation in the future. It is also necessary encouraging people to embrace responsible practices such as disposing of waste items in the right places (John, 2008). People should also willfully undertake clean-up initiatives besides discouraging the rest from leaving plastic containers unattended to in public places.
Objections to solution
There exists the likelihood of people opposition the solution based on the premise that human being have the tendency to oppose ideas that discourage exploitation of resources that exist in plenty. Another possible reason for the opposition to the solution is that the strategy could compromise on the growth of the economy as expected by the beneficiaries of the exploitation of the resources.
There has been a lack of understanding of the suitable ways to encourage masses to desist from using the packages. Records also indicate that organizations that support the practice have faced stiff opposition in various parts of the globe. For that reason, the article proposes an inclusive strategy in will the suggestions of all parties influence the outcome of the decision proposed by the proponents of sustainability. Few people show interest in discussing the subject since the situation is not a problem to some (Kevles, 2008). Interestingly, the pollution of the environment due to careless disposal of plastic waste is on the rise in different parts of the globe.
Cases of people polluting the environment due to ignorance are on the increase nowadays and as such, the education of the masses to discourage continuation of such practices in mandatory. In the process, a business that benefits from the sale of polythene bags should liaise with other beneficiaries of the use of the commodity in opposing the implementation of stratagems aimed at curbing the rampant use of the plastics. It will also take longer periods inculcating in people the culture of conserving environment since a majority is used to engaging in practices that destroy the ecosystem (Gardner & Paul, 2008). Another possible challenge in the implementation of the solution is that few people are willing to invest in environmental conservation practices that contradict the expectation of the populace. Therefore, the number of stakeholders investing in the business will stagnate.
In conclusion, the widespread production of plastics is contributing in some way to the pollution of the environment, which in turn affects vegetation growth. Therefore, in an attempt to enhance sustainability, it is necessary addressing the issue. As discussed, the proposed solution includes encouraging people to embrace responsible behavior that will minimize the disposal of plastic wastes in the environment. Another alternative is using biodegradable materials in the products in of packages materials. In the process, coordination amid environmentalist with other stakeholders such as the government is crucial in enhancing sustainable practices.
References
Friedman, T.L. (2008). Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why we Need a Green Revolution – and how it can Renew America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux,
Gardner, G & Paul C. S. (2008). “The Short List: The Most Effective Actions U.S. Households Can Take to Curb Climate Change.” Environment. 50. 5: ProQuest. 24 Oct. 2008.
John F. (Nov. 2008). “I Walk the Earth”. TED Talks. 16 May 2009. 19 minutes
Kevles, D J. (2008). “The Contested Earth: Science, Equity & the Environment.” Daedalus. 137. 2 ProQuest. Web. 25 Oct. 2008.
Knight, G. (2012). Plastic Pollution. Capstone Classroom.
The 11th Hour. (2007). Dir. Nadia Conners, Leila Conners Pertersen. Narr. Leonardo DiCaprio. Warner Bros. DVD.
Worldwatch Institute (10 June 2009). Vision for a Sustainable World. Viewed on 15 April 2015. Retrieved from http://www.worldwatch.org. Web.
Business studies college application essay helpName:
Institution:
Course:
Date:
Business studies
Arguably, organizational change to sustainable practices depends upon human sustainability factors. For instance, the principles and expectations that exist within an organization, including those principles held about individuals, directly enlighten the decision of strategy advancement to boost alignment (Benin & Dunphy 141). Additionally, alignment happens because firms are forced to react to the advancements that are experienced in the society and have failed to implement the key principles and philosophies important to long-term human sustainability. Most firms simply adore the predictable instead of taking the lead. In most cases, the views of workers are always different from that of the managers and stakeholders (Benn & Dunphy 144). For instance, most organizations create work environments that are not similar to those that are familiar to workers. Arguably, managers and stakeholders stay in an organization for long durations while workers come and go. Therefore, new workers will come with different managers and stakeholders.
Workers would always want to look for help where necessary to accomplish their objectives. However, most managers would always want to keep away from the area hence creating very divergent principles and opportunities in the workforce (Fisher & Bonn 563). Notably, most workers do not like work environments based on the principles of baby boomer managers; hence, this explains why most companies cannot attract nor retain workers. Managers and stakeholders use their views to make policy changes while the views of the workers must first be analyzed to establish their authenticity or validity (Hall & Vredenburg 129). Unlike workers, managers and stakeholders view sustainability actions as increasing costs and not probable sources of efficiencies. Though workers always try to improve the performance of the company, managers are unenthusiastic to implement technological practices.
Works Cited
Benn, Suzanne, and Dexter Dunphy. “Can democracy handle corporate sustainability? Constructing a path forward.” INNOVATION: management, policy & practice 6.2 (2004): 141-155.
Benn, Suzanne, and Dexter Dunphy. “A Case Study In Strategic Sustainability: Fuji Xerox Eco Manufacturing Centre, Sydney, Australia.” INNOVATION: management, policy & practice 6.2 (2004): 258-268.
Fisher, Josie, and Ingrid Bonn. “Business sustainability and undergraduate management education: An Australian study.” Higher Education 62.5 (2011): 563-571.
Griffiths, Andrew. “Corporate sustainability and innovation.” Innovation: management, policy & practice 6.2 (2004): vi-xiv.
Hall, Jeremy, and Harrie Vredenburg. “Sustainable development innovation and competitive advantage: implications for business, policy and management education.” INNOVATION: management, policy & practice 6.2 (2004): 129-140.
SUNDIATA a level english language essay helpName
Course
Course Professor
Due of Submission
SUNDIATA
Struggle between Islam and primitive traditional African religion
The author gives an account of the struggle that culminated in the finding of the Mali Empire, Western part of Africa. The empire was highly under the influence of the Islamic religion originating from the Middle East, and the religion was integrated into the traditional beliefs of the natives. However, many other traditional religions still existed. The traditional religion was more embedded on magic and rituals which were contrary to the Islamic faith.
The leader is in between the primitive traditional religion and the Islamic faith. He is viewed as an intermediary between the two faiths. The king has his interests vested more on the fate of his leadership rather than the two faiths. He, therefore, uses both the faiths to gain more power and wealth.
In a bid to be at the helm of leadership, he has to practice sorcery as customary with the traditional leadership. On the other hand, he has to pray to Allah in order to be righteous, and he believes that the power comes from Allah. However, the king is slow on Islamic faith dominance in his empire as he opposes the conversion of pagans to the Islamic faith. Moreover, counsellors of the kings were appointed to preserve the traditional culture. The king, however never inclined to one faith as he interacted effectively with both.
Moral and historical implications
In the moral aspect, the struggle brought together the elements of the two religions which did not exist. The king’s leadership led to a blend of the two faiths hence creating a sense of unity. However, if the king ceases power, there is a likelihood of religious dispute as the elements of the two religions contradicted each other.
Work cited
Niane, Djibril Tamsir. Sundiata: an epic of old Mali. London: Longmans, 1965.
Elevator speech best essay helpName
Professor
Course
Date
Elevator speech
Hello, my name is Jane Parker. I am currently in my fourth semester at Indiana State University, as a junior, majoring in Business Studies in Information Technology with a minor in human resource development. I have had great interest in IT since I was young which influenced my course selection. I found myself in my normal days opening my computer and trying to see how it worked. I would search and read many articles about technology then try to do what I read. Consequently, I am quite good in networking and computer in general. In fact, I have been able to accumulate a GPA of 3.5, which I aim to maintain until my final year.
I do have almost 8 years work experience in various organizations away from America. I intend to find an internship one in an IT company here in the U.S.A. Human resource development is another field I am quite interested in. I have always tried to understand how the largest companies succeed every day one of the reasons being their ability to attract, recruit, and keep employees in a good environment. Probably, in the future, I might be able to find myself in a career that will include both my courses.
In my minor, I have come to appreciate that employees are the most important resource in an organization. This has also enlightened me on the value of being able to relate well with others. Communication is also a highlight in Human Resource Development, and I always try to express myself clearly in my speech and writing.
From both my courses, I have been able to gain analytical skills, which I think will help me greatly in my career. I have familiarized myself with much computer and software manipulation techniques that came in handy during my internship. In this day and era of technological advancement, I know computer knowledge is compulsory for everybody.
During my previous work at first, I was a bit overwhelmed by the busy day and the amount of work I had to complete every day, which was a great shift from my not so busy schedule at school. However, after about three days I was able to complete all my tasks in time and even have time to carry out extra duties that helped me learn a lot about the organization. This made me get the chance to be selected to join various project teams and assist in as much as I could.
Next year, I plan to vie for the treasurer position in the entrepreneurship club in school. I want to nurture my leadership skills early enough in a bid to shape my future character. Self-esteem and self-confidence are traits I highly value and intend to possess and demonstrate in life.
This summer I would like to work in a more challenging environment. I will be able to adapt to any relevant department and settle fast enough to add my input. This year, I will be following my desire to acquire more skills in Information Technology by finding a good company to work with as an intern to get more motivation and experience. Since I did gained almost 8 years work experience before I came to the United States of America, to continue studying I will not have too much to learn in the IT field. As an IT student though, I am aware that when I become a professional worker I will face some challenges but by updating my skills to be in the same level as the technology currently is, I will be a valuable worker in any company.
Political science scholarship essay helpName
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As a scholarly product of two scholars in the field of supreme court and its policy and decision making systems, the book has manifested a systematic presentation of valid information regarding the application of the attitudinal model, in giving an explanation and prediction of the decision making process. Subjecting the Supreme Court systems to a rigor of scrutiny, the chapters majorly tend to show a criticism to the existing two alternative processes regarding the process of decision-making process, taking into consideration the core variations between the two alternative models. For instance, the book offers a critical analysis on the process of appointment, certiorari, and the decision based on merits, the making of opinion coalitions, as well as opinion assignments. These chapters therefore appear objective in their approach to the criticism, since they use the court’s credible sources of information from the Supreme Court to draw their various conclusions.
For example, Segal and Spaeth have drawn their information from the official database of the Supreme Court, the private papers on justices, as well as other credible sources of the court’s information. The use of such official documentation from the court as credible sources of the required study of its decision and policymaking process forms a substantial ground upon which its conclusions can be proved. The information provided by the two scholars can be said to be reliable, credible and based on truth as evidenced on not only notions based on Supreme Court’s practices, but also on the practical previous practices witnessed on the applicability of each of the two models examined in the study.
Taking a comparative approach, the authors have presented a more issue specific model of presenting information. This brings a sense of more organization, in which there is an entire separate chapter dealing with the legal model, as well as a separate chapter with its chief purpose on the attitudinal and the rational decision making model by the Supreme Court. This is an improved approach, especially when compared with the previous version, in which there was only a single chapter dealing with both the legal and the attitudinal or rational model of decision and policymaking processes. As it is evident from this scholarly approach, the book has offered more attention to the chapter dealing with rational model of decision making in supreme courts, thus omitting an entire chapter on the impacts of court’s decisions. It brings a sense of prioritization, in which the most important and relevant concepts are covered at the expense of those which can be dealt with in alternative forums.
As a wrap up therefore, there is a complete update on the chapter dealing with the history of the Supreme Court. Unlike the previous versions, the authors have included a critical analysis of the most recent cases, including the SHAW v., U.S. v. LOPEZ, BUSH v. GORE, as well as the RENO cases. In their review of these cases, the authors have also considered the relationship between the cases with each other, with regards to the existing models for the decision making process. There is a thorough analytic review, in which the chapters on choosing methods of justice dispensation, case selection approaches and methods, as well as the relationship between the court and democratic systems. Even though these chapters have retain the information showed in the previous editions, there is a great deal of newness, interesting research and analysis, as well as a deeper approach to legal studies, which is more adoptable to the modern legal systems.
Work cited
Segal, Jeffrey A., and Harold J. Spaeth. 2002. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Paper #2: Frist Center Paper argumentative essay helpName
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Paper #2: Frist Center Paper
Source: Thomas Gainsborough (English, 1727–1788). Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria, ca. 1754–55
Introduction
Thomas Gainsborough exhibition on Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria reflects an example of a conversation piece. The artwork was created between 1754 and 1755.Thomas Gainsborough purpose on this painting is to indicate his expertise and knowledge in illustrating paintings on natural sceneries. The focus of this paper is to analysis the paintings, colors and the symbolic meaning linked with the portrait of Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria.
Discussion
Thomas Gainsborough applies the same materialistic ideals that drive modern people in the contemporary society. In most cases, persons in position of author normally prefer commemorating their social status using paintings. Some people may acquire artistic work from eminent artists to illustrate their social prosperity. Others may require portraits to serve as reminders of their status.
A couple, Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria, opt to celebrate their life by indicating their status based on the natural scenery. To portray their status, the Mr. and Mrs. John Browne commission the painter Thomas Gainsborough to paint their portrait. In essence, Gainsborough’s’ painting of the Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria is a perfect example of genre of “conversation pieces. This portrait gained great admiration during the 18th century. In contrast to the official, forthright portraits brought forth during the earlier periods, Gainsborough painting which is a “conversation piece”, is illustrated by few people in open space, involved in a discussion and oblivious of the viewer.
However, Thomas Gainsborough painting contrasts with that tradition because the three individuals, that is, Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria, seem aware of the painter. Nevertheless, their relaxed posture and sitting position on the natural scenery links them to the “conversation piece” aspect.
In this painting, Gainsborough captures the barely-veiled derision in both Mr. and Mrs. John Browne eyes and their ironic smile. Mr. Browne and his wife are conscious that their painter is beneath their social status.
Based on the “conversation piece” aspect, Gainsborough incorporates a landscape in the painting. Conversely, he illustrates a much wider view of the scenery by showing their homestead and above a dog. In this regard, the inclusion of a dog indicates the aspect of security. Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter pose on the farthest end of the Canvas, instead of directly at the center as was normally in straightforward painting. On the left side, Gainsborough provides equal focus on the Browne’s homestead.
The couple sits below the cliff, while the middle ground to the right is characterized with a stream of water, and the farthest end stands their homestead. By incorporating a dog in the portrait, Gainsborough main objective is to indicate that the homestead and the entire land are under control. Their sitting posture suggests that the couple is economically stable and can now relax with even the dog. Furthermore, Mr. Browns’ sitting posture indicates that his closeness towards his family.
The focus that Gainsborough bestows on the natural scenery reflects his lifelong admiration for nature. The style that Gainsborough uses in demonstrating this portrait is a French style known as the Rococo. During the 17th century, England had weak painting ideals, and most painters were foreigners. Therefore, Gainsborough used the frivolous paintings that French painters used by modifying them in generating reserved paintings.
Mrs. Browns’ dress possesses the light colors, which glimmers with Mr. Brown’s shirt in spite of the cloudy sky. The couple seems pale and agile, illustrating the high-class social privilege of relaxing while having persons work for you. Furthermore, the elaborate homestead serves as a flamboyant illustration of the high-class life. Even though the painting seems perfect, there is something wrong with the work. Mrs. Brown places her hands on her laps and bare canvas surrounds them. Gainsborough knows what he wanted to include in that space.
Some painters suggest that Mrs. Browne intended to hold a dead game animal on her hand to indicate the success of her husband’s effort in hunting. Inclusion of a dead animal would be an important aspect in emphasizing the family’s control over their elaborate land. In contrast, inclusion of a lively animal could damage Mrs. Browne’s elegant dress and appear unlikely. Another possibility for the empty space on Mrs. Browne’s laps is for holding their daughter, Anne Maria. Irrespective of whatever Mrs. Browne was place on her laps, Gainsborough never included in the portrait.
In conclusion, Thomas Gainsborough painting on Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria is successful because it serves its original purposes. As perceived, the objective of the painting was to portray the family’s upper class status. However, some scholars, especially, the contemporary ones perceive this artwork as incomplete.
Works Cited
Asher B. Durand (1796–1886). Sunday Morning, 1839. Oil on canvas. The New-York Historical Society, Gift of the children of the artist, through John Durand, 1903.3
Thomas Gainsborough (English, 1727–1788). Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria, ca. 1754–55
Strategic Planning Process at Starbucks essay help online freeName:
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Strategic Planning Process at Starbucks
a) Outline the stages of the strategic planning process
Strategic planning involves five stages that include:
i. Developing the Mission Statement: Mission statements help in clarifying a business’s vision, determines short- and long-term goals, and enables employees to understand their roles within the organization. The mission statement gives an organization its identity and defines its purpose (Lussier, 129).
ii. Analyzing the Environment: The second stage of the strategic planning process is conducting an analysis of the external and internal factors affecting a business’s operations. Analyzing the environment (situational analysis) involves the application of a wide variety of tools used analyze a company’s competitive advantage and challenges it faces.
iii. Setting Objectives: Objectives are important in addressing the problems and strategic issues that were identified while analyzing the environment. However, the objectives do not describe the procedures for achieving the expected results. The objectives must be measurable, specific, singular, and with a timeframe.
iv. Developing strategies: An organization must develop strategies at functional, business, and corporate levels. Strategies are developed after reviewing the information collected from the situational analysis. During this stage, the issues facing an organization are prioritized based on their relative importance. It is crucial to have contingency plans to ensure that the organization continues its operations even when unexpected situations occur.
v. Implementation and Control: The last stage in the strategic planning process involves ensuring that the organization achieves its set missions and objectives. Organizations can realize their objectives when the support systems within the organization are efficient and effective. Controlling the implementation process ensures that the organization achieves its objectives (Lussier, 149).
b) Discuss and apply each stage of the model with reference to this food company
Developing the mission statement: Starbucks’s mission is to nurture and inspire the human spirit by offering one cup to one person in one neighborhood each time. The mission statement implies that Starbucks is keen to ensure that its expansion strategies do not undermine its core values of offering high-quality products.
Analyzing the environment: Before expanding into new markets, Starbucks conducts extensive research to determine the preferences of its potential consumers and adjust its menu to suit the consumers’ needs. For instance, the company sells less sweet espresso and latte in the Japanese market because the Japanese consumers prefer less sweet coffee products. In the American market, Starbucks serves sweeter espresso and latte since many of the local consumers prefer these. Starbucks succeeds in operations across different markets because it has built a strong brand name by selling beverages and snacks of the highest quality. The company has well-managed stores that are similar in all the regions the company operates.
Setting objectives: Starbucks’s objective is to become the respected and popular brand in the world (Ferrell, John, and Linda, 445). The company seeks to realize this objective by expanding its specialty operations, increasing its retail operations, and introducing new products and distribution channels. Starbucks has a rigorous expansion program in new markets outside the United States, and the company has opened many shops in various regions including Asia, Europe, Canada, Australia, and South America. Although the company’s specialty is selling beverages, the company has expanded into selling music CDs in some of its stores.
Developing strategies: Starbucks achieves its objectives by recruiting employees with a passion for the hospitality industry. The company also trains its employees or baristas to ensure that they offer Starbucks customers an exceptional experience. Starbucks trains its baristas to be proficient in explaining various types of coffee and custom-mix drinks to the customers’ preferences.
Implementation and control: Starbucks achieves its growth and expansion objectives through strategic alliances and acquisitions of companies such as Evolution Fresh, Bay Breads, and Teavana among others. The acquisitions have allowed the company to realize its expansion and product diversification strategies. The company also ensures that its customers, regardless of their geo-locations, always have a positive experience using its products through training its employees on service delivery of high quality.
Works Cited
Ferrell, O C, John Fraedrich, and Linda Ferrell. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases : 2009 Update. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.
Lussier, Robert N. Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. Mason, Ohio: South-Western, 2012. Print.
Environmental pollution caused by disposal of plastics waste to the surroundings essay help freeEnvironmental pollution caused by disposal of plastics waste to the surroundings
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A thorough examination of the situation in the society indicates that there exists a problem due to the disposal of plastic wastes on the environment. After reading the works by the title “hot flat and crowded, why we need a green revolution” and “the Short List” by Friedman, and Gerald and Paul respectively, the sentiment is affirmed since the authors imply that the problems has been persistence for quite some time, despite people overlooking the issue. However, due to the urge to improve the situation, proposal infers to the ideas of other scholars in exploring the intricacies of conservation from an objective perspective. As intended, sustainability, which requires concerted efforts, is collective responsibility because the pollution of the environment affects all. Therefore, as echoed in the sentiments of the members of the World Watch Institute, coordination in the elimination of components that contribute to the degradation of the ecosystem is mandatory. This is because the desire of ecologists is to create a balance in the ecosystem. As reiterated in the discussion of the 11th hour, which is a film by Dir. Nadia, Pertersen, and Leonardo, the participation of man is necessary for correcting the wrongs committed in the process of exploitation of natural resources such as forests.
Impacts of disposal of plastic on the sustainability of the environment
Pollution connotes the act of people engaging in practices that degrade the environment either directly or indirectly. As discussed above, the continuation in the disposal of harmful plastic wastes is an issue since the increases in cases of pollution is degrading forested lands and water bodies. Even though the magnitude of the problems is unknown, it is critical to focus on bringing to s stop the damages posed by the activity and the suitable strategy for doing so entail addressing the increase in volumes of wastes on the ecosystem. According to Friedman (2008), manufacturers are producing the commodity at an alarming rate while ignoring the fact that continuation of the manufacture of the materials will contribute to pollution. The production of the commodity compromise on the ability of future generations living in a conducive environment since the existing forests will have succumbed to pollution from plastics. The likely scenario in the future is that continued production and use of the plastics will lead to the emission of greenhouse gasses as people seek to destroy them. In cases where people will opt to bury the waste on earth, the components will form a carbon sink that will make the soil less productive for agriculture. In general, all the measures will result in the pollution of the environment hence the need to address the issue of plastic use with much caution. According to Knight Geoff (2012), it is advisable using biodegradable bags for packaging of food items as opposed to using polythene or plastic of any kind. The reason for the decision is that discouraging the use of polythene bags could contribute immensely to the conservation of the forests. Therefore, as discussed, Americans need to devise alternatives to the use of plastic since carelessness in the disposal of the material, after usage contributes to the degradation of the environment especially because forests sustainability requires eradication of such pollutants. Among the proposed alternatives is the use of biodegradable packages made of organic materials such as fibers. In some cases, people should use reusable containers for the transportation of items to limit dependency on plastics.
Background information
Historical data on the use of the material indicate that the production of the commodity took place for the first time in a factory in London in 1862. At the time, the advances in sciences were not like the situation today where scientists use various technologies in the production of the material. The commodity was in the form of formaldehyde resins before the adoption of thermosetting technology in 1908 that led to the advance in approach for manufacturing the product.
For many years, manufacturers had packaged food products on paper until the beginning of the twentieth century when things began to change following the increase in demand for cheaper packaging materials. As a way of reducing costs of production and providing more inexpensive packaging materials, manufacturers resorted to the use of polythene among many other forms of synthetic materials. The decision revolutionized manufacturing leading to the shift in the use of synthetic in packaging of foodstuff. As of late nineties, a significant number of industries had moved away from using fiber and paper despite the consequences that the use of plastic posed. The trend has continued for years until the recent times where a significant majority of producers use plastic packaging. In an attempt to discourage its use due to the adverse impacts, plastics poses, environmentalist should approach the issue holistically by evaluating the economic impacts of their decision. Afterward, they should recommend the use of eco-friendly resources such as paper wraps for foodstuff.
The topic for selection for now is on the pollution, particularly, the degradation of the forests following the disposal of polythene wastes among many other non-biodegradable components in the ecosystem. The interest on the topic emanates from the fact that either the combustion of disposal of plastic cause environmental pollution yet the demand for the commodity is on the increase. Consequently, continuous production of plastics poses a threat to natural plants that depend on aerated soil for growth. Another problem with the production of the commodity that makes the issue a concern is that manufacturers are resorting to using plastic even in situations where the use of the components in packaging is unnecessary. Hence, the objective of the proposal is the elimination of pollution by providing an alternative source for packaging of foodstuff. The outcome will be the minimization of the use of plastics, which contributes immensely to the decline in vegetation growth.
The central issue
The theme of the discussion is environmental conservation with a particular focus on the elimination of the negative impacts of the disposal of plastics in the environment. According to Knight Geof (2012), the author of the book plastic pollution, choosing to either burn the products or bury the waste in soils poses with it dire consequences. Hence, it is advisable seeking an alternative to the use of the pollutants since there exist the risks of more damage emanating from the use of plastics. An additional challenge that might originate from the use of plastics is that various communities struggle sustaining forest growth due to the prevalence in the disposal of wastes that cannot degrade in the soils.
Records of Eco Watch indicate that American cities produce wastes of large quantities. A case in point is the disposal of plastics in Los Angeles surpassing ten metric tons in 24 hours. Additional data imply that the production of the same components will exceed the quantities produced over the last century in a decade.
Purpose
The purpose of the proposal is seeking an alternative means for packaging foodstuff among other items thus minimizing the degradation of the environment due to careless disposal of polythene waste. In particular, organic materials like fiber should serve in the packaging of foodstuffs. The study also seeks to enlighten people on the dangers of people disposing of plastic among other pollutants on the environment. It also seeks to encourage innovation that would lead to adaptation of practical techniques for disposal of harmful wastes.
Audience’s needs
The needs of the US citizens are living in a sustainable environment with minimal impacts of pollution that compromise on the quality of life for people hence the discussion is on topics that seek the answer to the concern. Another concern of the residents of cities like Los Angeles is that continuation in the increase of global population will increase the demand for plastics. This will make it difficult for industries to reduce the production of commodities for use in homes. In an attempt to solve the issue, audiences who happen to comprise mostly of scholars in environmental studies are seeking an alternative ways of packaging contents without compromising on the quality of life of users of commodities. Lastly, the interest of the majority of the audience is advancing environmental conservation activities in order to minimize the adverse impacts of pollution of the environment. As noted by Knight (2012), who is also an environmental speaker, the situation is of more concern along riverbeds where the materials pollute the waters leading to the decline in aquatic species in some regions. In the Pacific coast along California beach, for instances, cases have been reported of plastic waste constituting the majority of garbage in the seabed.
Possible solutions
The possible solution for consideration in the topic is sensitizing the masses through education on the suitable ways for curbing the population of the environment. The second strategy for addressing the situation entails enacting legislation that will discourage people from engaging in activities that contribute to the pollution of the environment. Another strategy for dealing with the problem is completely eradicating the use of bags in packaging. Instead, manufacturers should provide people with an alternative, which is embracing the use of biodegradable materials in the manufacture of packaging materials for use in food processing industries. The same should apply in the production of packaging materials for use in carrying the luggage of different quantity.
In the education of the masses, activists should emphasize the benefits of disposing of plastic waste appropriately as a stratagem for the eradication of the problem in the community. The action that follows should entail the use of a combination of stratagems that includes enactment of stringent policies and providing an alternative to the use of plastics. It is also necessary encouraging people to use the packages for more than once since records of Eco Watch (2015) imply that people use the contents once. The technique can work effectively for plastic bottles and containers that facilitate beverage service. Additionally, it is advisable encouraging people to return old bags to factories for recycling. Community organizations should steer initiatives aimed at helping people to desist from using plastic in the package of food components that can fit well with other forms of storage. A case in point is packing meals for schoolchildren in the lunch box as opposed to using polythene bags for the storage of the food items.
Lawmakers worldwide have the responsibility of enacting stringent policies that encourage recycling of wastes in order to reduce quantities of plastics disposed of in the ecosystem. Since the entertainment industries contribute in the productions of wastes through the manufacture of compacts disks, the industry stakeholders have the duty of encouraging consumers to use digital contents online without retrieving the data into disks. The process in turn will minimize the quantities of waste resulting from the disposal of digitals resources such as video disks. Throughout the processes, the parties surcharged with the responsibility of advancing conservation activities should record the progress of the program in order to facilitate evaluation in the future. It is also necessary encouraging people to embrace responsible practices such as disposing of waste items in the right places (John, 2008). People should also willfully undertake clean-up initiatives besides discouraging the rest from leaving plastic containers unattended to in public places.
Objections to solution
There exists the likelihood of people opposition the solution based on the premise that human being have the tendency to oppose ideas that discourage exploitation of resources that exist in plenty. Another possible reason for the opposition to the solution is that the strategy could compromise on the growth of the economy as expected by the beneficiaries of the exploitation of the resources.
There has been a lack of understanding of the suitable ways to encourage masses to desist from using the packages. Records also indicate that organizations that support the practice have faced stiff opposition in various parts of the globe. For that reason, the article proposes an inclusive strategy in will the suggestions of all parties influence the outcome of the decision proposed by the proponents of sustainability. Few people show interest in discussing the subject since the situation is not a problem to some (Kevles, 2008). Interestingly, the pollution of the environment due to careless disposal of plastic waste is on the rise in different parts of the globe.
Cases of people polluting the environment due to ignorance are on the increase nowadays and as such, the education of the masses to discourage continuation of such practices in mandatory. In the process, a business that benefits from the sale of polythene bags should liaise with other beneficiaries of the use of the commodity in opposing the implementation of stratagems aimed at curbing the rampant use of the plastics. It will also take longer periods inculcating in people the culture of conserving environment since a majority is used to engaging in practices that destroy the ecosystem (Gardner & Paul, 2008). Another possible challenge in the implementation of the solution is that few people are willing to invest in environmental conservation practices that contradict the expectation of the populace. Therefore, the number of stakeholders investing in the business will stagnate.
In conclusion, the widespread production of plastics is contributing in some way to the pollution of the environment, which in turn affects vegetation growth. Therefore, in an attempt to enhance sustainability, it is necessary addressing the issue. As discussed, the proposed solution includes encouraging people to embrace responsible behavior that will minimize the disposal of plastic wastes in the environment. Another alternative is using biodegradable materials in the products in of packages materials. In the process, coordination amid environmentalist with other stakeholders such as the government is crucial in enhancing sustainable practices.
References
Friedman, T.L. (2008). Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why we Need a Green Revolution – and how it can Renew America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux,
Gardner, G & Paul C. S. (2008). “The Short List: The Most Effective Actions U.S. Households Can Take to Curb Climate Change.” Environment. 50. 5: ProQuest. 24 Oct. 2008.
John F. (Nov. 2008). “I Walk the Earth”. TED Talks. 16 May 2009. 19 minutes
Kevles, D J. (2008). “The Contested Earth: Science, Equity & the Environment.” Daedalus. 137. 2 ProQuest. Web. 25 Oct. 2008.
Knight, G. (2012). Plastic Pollution. Capstone Classroom.
The 11th Hour. (2007). Dir. Nadia Conners, Leila Conners Pertersen. Narr. Leonardo DiCaprio. Warner Bros. DVD.
Worldwatch Institute (10 June 2009). Vision for a Sustainable World. Viewed on 15 April 2015. Retrieved from http://www.worldwatch.org. Web.
Egyptian revolution best college essay helpName
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Egyptian revolution
In the spring of 2011, a chaotic situation was witnessed in Egypt following an unrest that had culminated in the disposition of the government in April. According to the accounts of a number of protestors, misuse of power among many other grievances contributed to the chaos which exposed the wrath of the masses. Within a span of three months, the masses overthrew the government leading to a state of anarchy in the country that was once a haven of people in the Middle East. In an attempt to return things to normalcy, the armed forces took over the control of government as a way of preventing the escalation of the problems. The decision worked for the short-term but after few weeks of calm people went back to the streets in demand for socioeconomic reforms (Hafez 172). Later, it was established that the situation was no different to the events that led to the uprising in the first place. As a result to mitigate further damages a panel of eminent scholars regrouped in order to seek a solution to the crises. At the end of the chaotic situation that has continued to date in several parts of the country, more lessons were learned from the crises hence the reason the article is focusing on the crisis. As discussed, the paper addresses the factors that led to the crises as well as changes that are needed in the country in order to thwart the like hood of such a disaster from occurring in the future.
Historical origin of the uprising
A major concern for the people was the desire to express their freedoms without interference from the government. Both the young and the aged had the feeling that the government was curtailing some of the rights of the people. The freedom to influence political decisions in the country featured on top of the list of the grievances of the protestors. Other issues that led to the discontentment include the rise in cost of foodstuff and rampant misuse of public resources by State officials (Hamdy and Ehab 198). The strategy employed by the members of the displaced forces in dealing with the masses during protests also contributed to the dissent in Egypt. There was a feeling that Mr. Mubarak was misusing the force in regulating the press as well as movement of people in some sections of the country. Demand for justice and high wages also feature among the issues that led to the disquiet in the population. The decision to bar people from discussing national issues in public in places like Cairo also contributed to the rise in the uprising.
The uprising
The uprising begun as minor resistance of several form of oppressions through social media. According to Ishani (4), the majority of the citizens of the country had for many years felt disgraced by the government, but little was being done in providing a solution to the problem. Without knowing that the neglect of the cry of the masses was breeding ground for chaos in the future, the State authorities choose to ignore the plea of the masses. The urge to portray Mubarak’s administration as being oppressive was met with so much resistance. State authorities had devised ways of silencing the majority such as appointment of ruthless leaders to head government intelligence. There were even instances of false accusation for journalist who dared report cases of corruption in the government (Ishani 7). The leadership had forgotten its mandate to the people. The State office served their interest at the behest of the people requesting for opportunities to improve their live hood.
At the beginning, the systematic state of unrest that followed the cry of justice from the people was not only a sign that the government was doing the wrong things. The action did signify failures that culminated in the anger of the masses over the years. Had the government solved the problem of the youth such as unemployment and injustice, the uprising would have not peaked as it did in 2011. In fact, the state would have had an ample time in dwelling with the major problems facing the nation. Instead of sourcing information form the majority of the people who had facts about the ongoing in the public, Hosni Mubarak relied on biased agencies (Hafez 175). The people surcharged with the mandate of advising him made the situation dire since they were feeding the leaders with propaganda instead of reporting to him factual events happening in the country. At one time, rating approval indicated that close three-quarters of the population were unhappy with the policies of the state, but little was done as a response to the matter.
Significance of the uprising
There are many lessons which present themselves to State authorities in different parts of the globe concerning the uprising. For instance¸ the one lesson that is clear to many is that failing in listening to the people places government at risks. Secondly¸ the stability of a nation cannot be achieved without consensus, especially in a democratic country (Aly 6). The third lessons are that government use inappropriate strategies in addressing problem facing the masses. An example in case is the leadership of Tunisia failing to take a cue from events in Egypt while acknowledging very well that the people have much sway on the activities of the government. People use various platforms in expressing decadence in moral in the society. For example, in Egypt, it was common to hear cases of football fans causing disturbances in stadiums. There exists a possibility of a connection between the riots and the dissatisfaction of the people with the manner in which institutions address the needs of the populace.
The world is more connected unlike before hence the need for government to allow citizens to express themselves freely without curtailing the freedom of expressions. Reports from various academic institutions indicate that social media has become a very powerful resource for use in governing. Therefore, in order for government to accomplish their mission¸ leaders ought to embrace the use of technology in communicating to the masses. Instead of devising ways for monitoring the use of the resource, government ought to exhaust the use of the channel in strengthening relationship amid individuals and the state representatives (Hafez 178). Moreover, denying people freedoms breeds’ contempt as it was noted with the case of protest in alexander. Human being have the tendency to rebel whenever their rights are violated and as such denying people chance to express their feelings exposes authorities to risks of various kinds. Another lessons learned is that people’s faith influences their actions when it comes to resisting oppression of various sorts.
Estimates indicate that close to one thousand people lost the lives in the melee that begun on 25 January. By the end of the protests, the number of people who were taken to healthcare facilities due to injury rose from zero to 6000 within the shortest span possible. The confrontation between the protestors and the members of the disciplined forced resulted in the destruction of buildings in Cairo and its environs. Aside from demonstration, people shared messages on Facebook in an attempt to sensitize the masses to join the rest in opposing the government. The advent of technology has changed the manner in which the majority in the population connect with each other (Hamdy and Ehab 195). Unlike before, protestors of the modern day have a wider platform to use in expressing their grievances. Regardless of religious differences, people join hands together whenever they are faced with problems that place their lives at risks.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the unrest that begun due to the dissatisfaction of the masses did influence developments in Egypt among many other States in the Arab world within the shortest time possible. To some extent¸ the uprising marked the beginning of democratization in Arab nations. Despite people suffering in the process, many lessons were learnt from the events. Among the lessons is the belief that people have the ability to influence the decision of the government and failing to address socioeconomic challenges exposes countries to dangers. Consequently¸ technology shapes development in the world at a faster rate unlike before. In the future, people will still demand freedom and justice regardless of the circumstances in which people live. Lastly, stability can only be attained through legal strategies since the use of force exposes governments to risks of various sorts.
Works Cited
Aly, Amira. Egypt: The Uprising (the Battle for Maat, Book 1). eBookIt. Com, 2013.
Hafez, Sherine. “The revolution shall not pass through women’s bodies: Egypt, uprising and gender politics.” The Journal of North African Studies 19.2 (2014): 172-185.
Hamdy, Naila, and Ehab H. Gomaa. “Framing the Egyptian uprising in Arabic language newspapers and social media.” Journal of Communication 62.2 (2012): 195-211.
Ishani, Maryam. “The hopeful network.” Foreign Policy 7 (2011).
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Tyranny is a system of government in which the leader rules with absolute power. The ruler controls nearly everything and therefore viewed as an oppressive character. In the view of Alexis, the people have the right to do everything so long as it is what is right and just within the legal framework. He critics tyranny as it is subject to anarchy since the tyrant may misuse his powers to wrong his adversaries, which may compel the subjects to respond otherwise. He advocates for social power that is superior to all others in as long as there is regulations to control the power.
Madison advocates for democracy as opposed to tyranny. According to him, when majority rule is in practice, then, the power will be exercised in the interest of the citizens. However, he criticizes pure democracy as; the zeal for different opinion in a democratic state has divided citizens into different parties, increased animosities and disposed them to more oppression rather than co-operation for their common good. He therefore proposes federalism in governance.
In the view of the authors, US may go into tyranny in some period to come. Alexis argues that power envisaged in an assembly may be stronger without being stable and in other instances centralized in an individual in which it shall be less stronger but likely to be more stable. In particular, the Tyranny of the legislature may be adopted in the US.
On the contrary, the adoption of federalism creates no chance for tyranny, as it is more stable. These benefits supersede even democracy, as the state is more unlikely to go into anarchy.
The two authors will most likely condemn the New Yorker essay particularly the ISIS demands that says no democracy in Syria.
Motivation best essay helpMotivation
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Motivation
Motivation is the factors that stimulate the desire to achieve or do something in people. It influences them to have more interest, commitment and do their utmost best to achieve a goal. Various emotional, financial, biological, or social factors influence or cause people to be motivated (Hoffmann, 2007 p.8). For instance, the expectations an individual has, or his peers anticipations, the degree of desire, or the value of the benefit-received impact the behavior of an individual.
It is important for managers to understand the significance of motivation in the organization and know how to improve the employee’s morale (Hoffmann, 2007 p.11) . This will help in making the company succeed in meeting its goals due to the determined and energized workers. Highly inspired and dedicated employees strive to do their best at work thus the companies receive the most from the workers (Schermerhorn, 2010 p.302). In contrast, companies that have poorly motivated employees may face challenges such as high employee turnover, low output, and low morale in the workers.
Several philosophers discussed their theories of how different human needs influence motivation. Abraham Maslow came up with a hierarchy of needs, Vroom had the Expectancy theory through which he explained mental courses people have that affect their behavior and David McClelland brought out his theory of acquired needs.
McClelland argued that as people grew and went through different experiences in their lives, they prioritized their needs differently. He discussed of different traits and aspirations individuals absorbed as they went through their day-to-day lives (Schermerhorn, 2010 p.365). He categorized the acquired needs into three broad varieties: the need to achieveme, which influences the willpower to succeed, power i.e. the desire to be able to make people do certain things or behave as you want, and affiliation, where one wants, friendly, cooperative relationships, and dislikes conflict.
McClelland associated each specific need with its appropriate work inclinations. Therefore, employers can understand employees’ new needs and thus manipulate the environment the employee is in and the roles he can play (Mcclelland & Burnham, 2008 p. 118). For example, a worker with a need for power and control may consistently strive to follow strategy of being promoted and recognized in the organization. This individual will tend to want to influence or control other people, seem to be happy in positions of authority, and be highly competitive.
From the various models of motivation, McClelland’s acquired needs theory is better. He does recognize that pay though being the main motivator is not enough to boost the morale for employees. They do have ever changing needs which they gain in their daily experiences that managers should also try to satisfy. The learned trait may be a cause for the change their behavior and aspirations. Other philosophers in their theories have highlighted some of the three needs separately in their motivation theories but McClelland merges all of them in his theory.
References
Schermerhorn, J. R. (2010). Management. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley.
David C. Mcclelland & David H. Burnham. (2008) “Power Is the Great Motivator”, Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from http://wweb.uta.edu/management/Shumate/Cases/PoweristheGreatMotivator.pdf
Hoffmann, S. (2007). Classical Motivation Theories – Similarities and Differences between them. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH.
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Suppose the congress enacts a significant tax cut with expectations that this action will stimulate the aggregate demand and push the real GDP up in the long-run. However, neither GDP nor price change as result of tax cuts what can explain this
The savings and consumption depends anticipated future income and current income. Short-term tax cuts have minimal effects on total spending on consumption. People do not respond significantly to tax cuts by increasing their spending on services and goods. Tax cuts have minimal effect on total consumption of a country. People use the extra income as result of tax cuts to either pay off their debts or save. A research conducted in 2009 shows that US government gave tax refunds worth over 100 billion dollars back to its citizens. The increase in disposable income had little effect on their aggregate consumption. Most Americans save their tax rebates in order to meet their tax expenditures later in future. Tax cuts leads reduced government expenditure. Tax cuts increase public debts.
To eliminate the deficit, a politician suggests we should tax the rich. What is the major fallacy of the claim?
Increasing the tax on rich people will have devastating effects on the economy. This is because it will reduce the incentive to earn the income. Secondly, it may force them to relocate to other countries with tax friendly policies. Even if the government was to impose 100% tax rate on the rich, the revenue collected cannot cover the total public debt. Increasing tax is a way of enforcing redistribution of income but not reducing the public debt. Higher taxes on the rich has negative effects on foreign investments.
“The Literature of Ancient Egypt college essay helpName
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PART 1
Essays Topic Choices from Simpson “The Literature of Ancient Egypt
1. Maintaining Ma’at, or balance, is crucial to Egyptian society. How does the literature address this aspect of Egyptian life in the areas of justice, and responsibility and as Wisdom literature? Consider the Tale of the Eloquent Peasant and The Instructions of Onchsheshonqy
Ma’at represents female goddess that symbolizes justice and balance. In most cases, she has an ankh, which symbolizes life. However, she sits or stands with her wings spread and a large ostrich feather over her head. The ostrich feather that sits on her head symbolizes balance and general order in Egypt.
In other words, Ma’at goddess has a deeper significance. She symbolizes balance and general societal order since most of the Ancient Egyptians needed to understand the balance of their world that surrounded them. Their culture revolved around the concept of order, and most of the things, such as religious activities, governance and climatic change were linked to the world. Therefore, social chaos and Ma’at’s idea of order brought balance to the Egyptians. For instance, ancient Egyptians termed the desert found near River Nile as disordered, while as the area near Nile as orderly.
Therefore, to bring balance Egyptians erected buildings that served as temples, built alter and consecrated the place for worship. In essence, Egyptians believed that Pharaoh used the concept of Ma’at in keeping Egypt balanced and orderly. In addition, Ma’at symbolized justice and truth. Indeed, Ma’at played a major function in preserving justice and ensuring that people possessed the value of truthfulness. Those that went contrary with the concept of justice and truth were termed as disrespecting Ma’at and faced the wrath of the law.
People’s hearts were measured against the goddesses’ feather upon death to determine their fate. If the heart was sinful, that is, heavier than the goddesses’ feather, Ammutt (demon) destroyed and ate the person’s heart.
PART II
Define: (each response should be at least 2-3 complete sentences)
Ma’at
Ma’at is the female goddess that represents justice and balance. Often, Ma’at has an ankh, which signifies life. However, she is often seen with outstretched wings and a large ostrich feather over her head.The ostrich feather on her head symbolizes the theme of order and balance in Egypt.
Badarian
It represents the earliest evidence for farming in Upper Egypt (about 4400-4000 BC)
Manetho
Manetho is the 3rd century BCE Egyptian high priest from Sebennytos who recorded “History of Egypt” Aigyptiaka. He was an Egyptian priest (305-285 BC) that lived during Ptolemy I and Ptolemy II reigns worked at Sebennytos temple in the Delta. He understood about Egyptian hieroglyphs and Greek and, had the access to the ancient records and king lists. He is renowned for integrating term “dynasty” from the Greek dynasteia to represent groups of rulers with a common origin.
He often used king-lists methods to provide structure for history.
Ideogram
It is a general rule used by Egyptians in writing. They often used human body parts, such as a hand, an eye, or a tool. Ideogram also refers to the actions carried out by the hand, the eye and all the uses to which the tool can be put to and even the people using the tool.
Name and define the units of measure
Akhit
It represents the inundation and often measured using a calendar.
Pyramid Texts
It comprises of ancient Egyptians religious texts and the Units of measure include, finger, palm, and the cubit (.573 meters).Seven palms correspond to one cubit, and 100 cubits made a KHET; for long distances, surveyors and geographers used the atour.100 square cubits was a setat .
Encirclement
A common method used by the ancient Egyptians to rebuke evil and irrational forces.
Khnumhotep
A general term that identified the ancient Egyptian royal servants in the fifth Dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs
Hikau khasut
A terms used by the Egyptians to identify the heads of clan that ruled the city states
Intef II
He was the third he third ruler in the 11th Dynasty of Egypt in the First Intermediate Period
PART III –
Identify each image and indicate importance!
The image represents the Egyptian astronomy known as the rising of the Dog Star Sirius (Sopdet). The star was invisible most of the year and appeared at dawn at the same time within the same latitude. It was significant to the Egyptians in understand the various times in the Calendar in order to determine when to plough, plant or even harvest crops.
Hieroglyph for Heka
Heka personifies magic and medicine. Heka was illustrated using flax that is twisted and two arms that are raised as shown above. The twisting of the flax and the hands illustrates two snakes.
It is believed that Heka fought two snakes and overcame them, therefore, the two intertwined snakes symbolizes his power. Heka was significant to the Egyptians’ lifestyle and even death. Egyptians used ritual implements to assist the dead overcome the evils and supernatural being, and Heka was core in carrying out the task.
Nut is the night sky Egyptian goddess of the sky
The image represents Hapi Son of Horus who is also the God of Nile Inundation.
Since his occurrence was unfixed, Egyptians sought an event to symbolize the beginning of the year.
Heka in the tomb of Sensoret II Heka is the eldest child of the creator deity Geb, discovered in the tomb of Sensoret II. It is mostly associated with magic.
Short Answer Essays: Choose any three from the topics below
For EACH answer must be at least 1/2 to 3/4 of a page (typewritten) 11 pt. font. – Use both lecture and text in your response
1.
1. Discuss the evolution of writing in Egypt from the earliest known stages.
Hieroglyph is a Greek concept that means sacred (Hieros) words (glyphos).Clement of Alexandria (c 150 – 230 AD) was the first person to apply this concept, and the Ancient Egyptians called these words as ‘mdju netjer or “words of the gods”. The discovery of the first hieroglyphic writing in ancient Egypt was on the bones and ivory tags, pottery vessels and clay seal impressions discovered in a pre-dynastic tomb in Abydos. The last discovery was from temple of Philae, around 394 A.D. Knowledge of the hieroglyphic writing then lost until the 19th century, when Jean-Francois Champollion (1790-1832) deciphered a script using the Rosetta stone. There exists very little information about the evolution of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Scholars claim that the ancient Egyptians acquired the knowledge of writing from Mesopotamia.
Nevertheless, inscriptions discovered during the reign of King Scorpion (3400 BC) suggest that Egyptian hieroglyphs appeared before the Mesopotamian scripts. For instance, the discovery of the logograms, where a picture symbolizes appeared as early 8000 B.C.
2.
Discuss the role of magic in Egyptian daily life and in the afterlife. What do you find most interesting about magic in Ancient Egypt and why?
According to the Egyptians, magic served the same purpose like a prayer and offerings to the gods. The magical incantations appear alongside prayers in the same segments of the BD.
It was acceptable for the mortals to use magic when dealing with divine forces, communicating with deceased for intervention purposes.
Egyptian magical practices present a unique opportunity to practice justice since they are central to their religious beliefs and considered sacred. Magic helped the Egyptians to overcome the supernatural and irrational forces. The main purpose of using the magic was to compel the gods and the supernatural beings to respect the will of the dead. Magic become most important especially in the afterlife since the dead was unable to take an active role in their defense.
In Ancient Egypt,magic was interesting as it displayed how the living invoked the deceased by using images, words, amuletic magic, encircling, eating and drinking, licking and spitting. Moreover, it is amusing how the living wrapped amulets around the mummy wrappings as a way of arming the deceased against harmful forces. 3. Considering that maintaining Ma’at, or balance, is crucial to Egyptian society, how did the rulers respond to the climatic challenges and what was the outcome? The Egyptians considered Ma’at as eternal, powerful, and capable of binding everything together in order.
She symbolized truth, right, justice, world order, balance, and continuity. She symbolized harmony and endless cycles, Nile flooding, and the king of Egypt. Rulers were expected to pursue justice and to operate within the value of Ma’at because doing the contrary was termed as encouraging chaos. The King respected Ma’at by upholding the world order by paying due respect to the gods. Therefore, in responding to the climatic challenges, which according to the Ma’at are chaos, Rulers invoked the gods by offering sacrifices. This would appease the gods and possibly end the chaos. Surname 2
The Wolf of Wall Street Cinema Review. essay help freeStudent:
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The Wolf of Wall Street Cinema Review.
Proposal
The wolf of Wall Street cinema review analyses different aspects of the movie by Martin Scorsese. It evaluates what the movies stylistic choices. The form, content, and genre conventions of the film are highlighted in the paper. Basic cinematic techniques have been evaluated including the films experience, editing, narrative, sound, lighting, and other fundamentals of film production. I have reviewed some of the directors and his cinematographers decisions in their displays of vivid visuals and different lighting they used in making the film.
Outline:
1. Introduction
2. Film review
3. Stylistic patterns
4. Lighting and sound
5. Content and Elements of the movie
The wolf of Wall Street is a highly controversial movie about corruption and greed in new capitalism. It was released in a time when there was an array of films talking about the materialism and excessive living of American society. This new movies focus on showing the vanity, debauchery, and the hedonism of American materialism.
The protagonist, Jordan Belfort gives a narration of his story with shameless openness, celebrating and explaining out the details of his cheating and his rise and fall over the years. Belfort starts a company selling moneymaking penny stocks to rich people he fools, causing him and his colleagues tom rake in millions. The movie glorifies greed and composed of graphic language, nudity and sexual content spurring a lot of controversy.
The wolf of Wall Street may be generally classified as a narrative movie also directed by Martin Scorsese which has numerous similarities to one of his previous popular movie Good Fellas. It is a great movie based on the real life memoir of Jordan Belfort, which has the same title and similar events. In many instances during the movie, the viewers hear the main character, Jordan Belfort played by Leonardo Dicaprio, explaining out his escapades in creating and developing his ravenous investment company and his social life.
The films narration is aimed at shaping our itinerary through the movie. It is an arrangement of cues which guide us in the buildup of the film (Barsam p.159). In the first few minutes the movie we are introduced to a major theme in the movie where there are different busy brokers hurdled over their work stations in an extensive work place while a lion prowls the walkways. In a contrasting view, we then see another angle in the office where staff who seem to be partying are preparing to throw a miniature man towards a target. The little man is launched then among the men who have tossed the little man, one introduces himself to us as Jordan Belfort. The movie proceeds to draw the viewers into a series of Belfort’s lifestyle.
This beginning of the movie shown as a commercial enables the director and screenwriter to show the high contrast between the public conception of brokerage firms and the internal debauchery about to be shown in the movie. The brief scenes of the main characters lifestyle motivated by drugs, sex, and living large make up a large amount of concentrated exposition. Instead of bringing out Jordan’s debauchery bit by bit through hints, the movie tells it plainly and swiftly.
Jordan claims that by the age of twenty-six years he was making nearly fifty million dollars per year (Barsam p. 167). This provokes the viewers to wonder how. This is called a curiosity question where the narration makes us wonder what past events may have caused the present condition.
The narrative movie also incites surprise for example when the little man being launched undercuts the scene of a corporate appearance. Surprise is important to the narrative movie since certain information is not disseminated equally amongst the characters and viewers; any of the characters therefore can have a secret. For instance, the movie is designed in a way that it restricts the information viewers will receive at key points. The Wolf of Wall street at times breaks to show FBI agent Denham’s investigation on Jordan but does not show Naomi’s plan to divorce him. We only know about it when Jordan does. As shown by Barsam in Looking at Movies: An Introduction to Film, “who knows what and when” is a major element in comprehending film story.
By controlling our knowledge, the narration is able to adjust the movie’s emotional power up and down. In one instance Belfort hits his second wife, Naomi. However, the act is presented in a distant camera shot where we get a glimpse of the violence through a doorway. This approach minimizes the impact of the main characters aggression. From this scene we are able to gain some important information relating to the story although not as explicitly as the close camera views we get in the sexual and drug-motivated exploits of other scenes. This can be argued that a more unreasoned view of a close camera shot would have made it difficult to see Belfort’s bad boy antics as entertaining and thus acquire a negative perception of the character.
Suspense, a heightened eagerness of what could happen next is also used in the movie. For example, when Jordan who is too high on Quaaludes, has to save Donnie, his partner from choking on a piece of ham we are highly anticipating what is going to transpire.
The narrations in the movie also help shape our experience through the films style. The calm shot along the working stations in the Stratton Oakmont investment company advert, where the company’s trademark lion is lurking the aisles differs with the sudden edited freeze-frame where Belfort appears. The actors’ performance, especially Dicaprio’s (Jordan) confidence is also a part of the narration. The movies stylistically textured soundtrack contributes to the nature of the movie too, where for instance Jordan’s commentary, the music and the sound effects create a stimulating and exciting experience (Bordwell & Kristin p. 307). The film technique use in the Narration probably is aimed to bring out a surprising but fascinating and amusing side of the degenerate universe that Jordan runs.
All through The Wolf of Wall Street, the director, -Scorsese has stylistic choices that serve narration purposes . There are swift montage series, dialogue hooks, and commenting music tunes that are relevant to the scene on display (Bordwell p. 117). Scorsese has the tendency to show psychological states e.g. druggy ones are presented using classic “impressionist” techniques. He thinks about how the film will look and sound and tries to give each scene a vivid visual that is as clear as possible. In the movie, Scorsese, the director is not afraid of throwing the audience into the actors’ thoughts and feelings.
In an interview about The Wolf of Wall Street, the directors’ major challenge was to identify how to visually present the various stages of Belfort’s escapades. Scorsese and his cinematographer have distinguished the scenes where Jordan is unsure from the scenes he has some clarity and some sense of direction. They accomplished this with the use of different optics, lighting, and color schemes. With Jordan’s state of mind as a guide the cinematographer used various lenses in an attempt to attain different perspectives and clarity (Barsam &Dave
P. 238). To enhance Jordan’s contrasts in his states of mind the movie mixed in some diffusion filters at times adding ambient smoke. For example, when LF Rothschild is closed down in the crash of 1987, Jordan finds himself unemployed. After some time he finds employment at an investment center, a job he dislikes a lot. The cinematographer lit that scene with light from one side only, through big windows to bring out a feeling similar to being in a cave, where Jordan sort of fell into darkness (Barsam &Dave P. 236)
. Stylistic patterning also helps in bringing out the films tone of outrageous humor, not only through the conversations, rhythm, and music but also from the editing. The almost intense moment where Jordan almost rescues Donny using CPR is interrupted with a Popeye animation, and Jordan’s energy booster is coke similar to the cartoons spinach.
The story-telling movie, through the narrations compels its viewers to draw conclusions at certain stages. The pictures and sounds are turned into characters, actions, and causes among others as we follow the movie story (Bordwell & Kristin p. 308). We assume or make conclusions at specific instances we have understood. The commercial makes us see the company as trustworthy. Jordan’s bragging assortment of sequences makes us view him as being powerful, materialistic, and arrogant. The inferences viewers make are not from deep thinking about the movies events but are commonsensical.
However, not all conclusions arrived at are right. For instance, viewers are misled to see that Jordan drives his Lamborghini without harm to his home. However, the impression is changed in the morning. During Denham’s, (the FBI agent) visit to Jordan, there’s a long and edgy scene that may lead spectators to think there is the likelihood that the Agent may be vulnerable to being paid off. His facial expressions as well as the type of questions rather suggest that he is thinking about Jordan’s suggestion. This exchange is shown through some constricted angles but when the agent tells Belfort to recap his proposal, the director cuts to a shot that shows the FBI’S agent’s colleague, in the off-screen, move closer enough to hear Jordan’s suggestion. Some information is hidden in order to cause surprise that will rectify the impression viewers might have had.
Content and Elements of the Film
Spiritual content
In a conversation in the movie the characters are heard wondering whether Buddhists and the Amish are motivated by greed.
In another scene, when it seems as if Belfort’s yacht is almost swamped and everyone might die, Danny cries out that he does not want to go to hell. Later on Jordan realizes that maybe God spared them, claiming that he will reform, and make an effort to live honestly.
We hear a Simon and Garfunkel’s “Mrs. Robinson” version which contains the lyrics, “Heaven holds a place for those who pray” and “Jesus loves you more than you know”.
Sexual content
There are nearly 22 sex scenes in the film. The movie contains numerous graphic sexual scenes some even in public settings and in the confines of a moving vehicle. When Jordan and his friend Donny are on an airplane, there are sexual scenes.
There are also scenes that include female nudity; an orgy with gay male couples, an S&M sequence in which there are explicit sexual movements
There is a reference to incest where Danny says that he is married to his first cousin, there is a scene where masturbation is said to be important in relieving stress, many references about using prostitutes, among many more.
Violence
Jordan cruelly hits his wife about three times after she tells she wants to divorce him. He then takes their young daughter and tries to run off with the girl but accidentally rams his car into a wall. Jordan’s head is bloodied but the preschool aged girl is unhurt.
When Jordan is driving his Lamborghini home, extremely impaired by Quaaludes, he hits many obstacles. Similarly high on drugs, he roughly lands his helicopter. Jordan orders the captain of his yacht into a dreadful storm which almost capsizes the boat.
Two men affiliated to Jordan, beat up his house keeper for having a gay orgy in their apartment. The housekeepers face is bloodied before he is suspended over a tall sky scrapper railing.
There is a picture of an employee in a bathtub who was employed by Belfort who reportedly committed suicide by cutting his wrists.
Obscene language
The movie is full of vulgar words, profanities and obscene crowds in many of scenes of the Wolf of Wall Street. There are also many conversations where characters have been heard making profane references to male anatomy, a variety of uses of degenerating words to women such as “cunt”. The movie also contains numerous slurs and vulgarities, and we see a number of obscene hand gestures.
Positive Elements
Jordan’s father acts a role of a voice of reason in all the carnage and debauchery. He is brought into the firm to try and make things do not go too out of hand. Of course he completely fails but does tell his son that in the end “the chicken will still come home to roost.” And it does happen as Jordan’s second wife Naomi divorces him and Denham the FBI agent finally nabs Jordan and he goes to prison for twenty two months
Way before his arrest, Belfort in his lengthy conversation with Denham does try to bribe the Agent. However, Denham being principled resists the temptation and tries to convince the broker to come clean. Jordan depicting his arrogance, demeans the conscientious FBI agent for earning so little money. In the end after Jordan is sent to prison, Denham is seen as he is about to board the Subway, with a gleeful expression on his face somehow suggesting that integrity is much better than living a corrupt and luxurious life.
Drugs and Alcohol
Jordan and his friends are seen in many scenes snorting cocaine, and getting high on Quaaludes which we are given a long history lesson about. Various types of alcohol are also all over the movie.
Jordan is in many instances impaired by all those substances. At one scene he is too high to walk and tries to crawl to his Lamborghini, a path that painfully takes him down a flight of stairs. He appears to be so dedicated to getting himself extremely high, that one night before a planned escapade on “vintage” Quaaludes he gives himself an enema to ensure he won’t soil himself.
There is are instances where Jordan talks about all the drugs he is addicted to and other drugs he takes to ensure he is functional o awake during the day. There are also references made to marijuana, morphine and Xanax. In the movie there is also talk of drug dealers.
In the film Jordan tells his partner Danny, “being sober sucks. I want to kill myself.”
Other Negative features
A surprising scene involves the staff at Stratton Oakmont Investment Company launching little people towards a Velcro target. In another long scene, later, Jordan and his friends are analyzing how they can and cannot treat or exploit the little people they have hired as entertainment.
A large portion of the film also shows how Jordan and his friends travel to Switzerland where the set up a smuggling scheme to launder their money.
In modern movies, the most common structural mode is a three-act form. Kristin suggests that in Hollywood, film making majorly uses a multiple-part standard that is centered on the characters’ objectives. The film can thus have about two to four or more parts subject to the cinematic time and how the director manipulates it to show the characters goals created, changed, delayed, and fulfilled or not.
Works cited:
Bordwell, David, and Kristin Thompson. Film Art: An Introduction. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2008. Print
Barsam, Richard M, and Dave Monahan. Looking at Movies: An Introduction to Film. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2013. Print.
The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies. Bordwell, David. 2006. http://www.davidbordwell.net/books/wayhollywoodtellsit_intro.pdf
Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership online essay help
Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership
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Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership
In Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership, the author evaluates the histrionic advancements that have taken place in the contemporary presidency concerning direct pleas to the public (Kernell, 2006). For instance, it is a rational conclusion of the significant work performed by professor Kernel to establish how the popularity of presidents has been increasing. It makes an important involvement to politics by combining available collected works with original study into a comprehensive analysis of how leaders request for public back up and the reasons for doing so. Going public implies that the current leaders must exert political governance via public verdict. Some of the instances presented in this volume include public appreciation of the fallen heroes, documented press meetings, and primetime speeches to the country. The author states that the above events are associated since they are all the means by which leaders pass their messages to the United States citizens thereby improving their probabilities of winning their seats in Washington (Kernell, 2006). Without gaining that public popularity, it would not be easy for presidential candidates to accomplish their objectives.
The first chapter of this volume evaluated the supremacy of the president and his corporation with people staying in Washington. Kernel then states why a president would decide to “go public”. The chapter concludes by acknowledging that Ronald Reagan achieved his victory by being successful in going public. The second chapter, “How Washington and Presidents Have Changed”, further investigates the methods used by presidents to accomplish their mission (Kernell, 2006). For instance, it discusses how they use entrenched diversity and individualized diversity. Based on the assumptions of the author, entrenched diversity is the commonly strategy used by leaders. Kernel also builds a persuasive case for the main argument in chapter three and four when he evaluates how presidents have used the press to go public. The author has used several charts to prove this trend.
The remaining chapters have changed focus from the achievement of leaders in Washington to public view. These chapters mainly focus on strategic presidency. A tactical leader is one who acknowledges going public as the main factor behind being successful in politics. The number of appearances does not necessarily determine an individual’s popularity scale (Kernell, 2006). The book concludes by discussing the future inferences of leaders who go public. According to the author, upcoming presidents and their team must consider how media and public view will affect their terms in office. The volume was well documented and organized. For instance, every section starts with a brief summary and then applies case studies, tables, and graphs to show the main idea being communicated.
Though the strength of the reading has been clearly states, the only weakness of the author is his failure to discuss how other states have also contributed to the accomplishment of presidential goals. As discussed, the author could have gone further to explain the relationship between Washington, other states, and the presidents towards achieving their success. The point in the reading does not need any further investigation because the author has used several sources including recorded videos to express his viewpoints. This reading does not contradict with the week’s reading since they all have a common theme. Arguably, this book should be suggested to any government or civic educator.
References
Kernell, S. (2006). Going public: New strategies of presidential leadership. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
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Israel-Hamas conflict
The conflict between Israel and Gaza started after Hamas government came into power in the year 2005. The conflict was further catalyzed by the split of Gaza and West Bank. Hamas fire rockets ton Israel and Israel respond by bombing Hamas strongholds. I have encountered various problems working on the Israel-Hamas conflict research paper. The problems include validity of data collected, lack of research materials, and objectivity of research
Objectivity
I had a rough time trying to be neutral to the research. I found myself leaning strongly towards Israeli side in the conflict. I have grown up believing that all Muslims are terrorists because major terror attacks, such as 1998 Nairobi terror attacks and September 11 attacks were perpetrated by Muslims. Al Qaeda is a terrorist movement made up of brainwashed Muslims. I believe that Israel is justified to protect its citizens from Hamas at all cost. I believe that Gaza civilians who die during Israeli airstrikes are just casualties of war. In addition, Hamas government uses its own people as shield.
Validity of research
The validity of my research was heavily affected by internal and external flaws, such as data collection methodology, research environment, and data collection time frame. My data collection strategy did not provide me with proper data for testing my hypothesis. The research environment affected my objectivity as a researcher. The data collection timeframe was short. I was not able to gather enough data for analysis and testing of hypothesis.
Lack of enough research materials
Israel Hamas conflict has no enough research materials for literature review. Very few researches regarding the conflict have been conducted. I had a rough time trying to get secondary materials for my research paper’s literature review.
Understand the organizational purposes of businesses essay help onlineName
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Task 1: Understand the organizational purposes of businesses
Company: John Lewis Partnership
Identify the purposes of different types of organization
Different organizations are formed for different purposes. First, while some of the organizations seek to earn revenues, others operate as non-profit service institutions. Those that are formed as sources of income have a wide range of purposes; depending on the kinds of services or goods, that each of them chooses to deal in. For example, some provide services such as transport, laundry, marketing, and catering. Businesses are also formed in order to provide the public with goods such as stationery, clothes, computers, furniture, among others. On the other hand, non-profit organizations offer their goods and services freely and voluntary to their target groups. One of these organizations is the Ace Foundation, which aims at promoting cultural and international understanding by advancing the education system in the United Kingdom and the world in general. These organizations volunteer their services without any financial gain apart from that of their partners. Organizations also serve as avenues for mutual-benefit. Trade union and clubs can be grouped into this category as they involve people who integrate their efforts towards the accomplishment of similar objectives. Their main purpose is to benefit themselves, and not their countries or the world. Besides, there are commonweal organizations that serve a particular group in the population. These organizations include the Fire Service teams that attend to accident victims and the police whose main purpose is to provide security for their nation. Many more organizations are established for variant purposes.
Describe the extent to which your chosen organization meets the objectives of different stakeholders
The John Lewis Partnership has the mandate of addressing the objectives of stakeholders such as their workforce, customers, suppliers, as well as the local community. They also meet the objectives of the government and other regulators, together with those of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the existing campaign groups. Job security and satisfaction at the workplace are some of the interests of the employees in this company, who are also co-owners in the business. The company addresses these interests by formulating democratic bodies such as councils to evaluate the nature of the working environment. They also gather views from the workers by conducting a partners’ survey on a yearly basis. This enables the organization to identify some of the issues that they need to tackle before they become harmful to the business. AGMs also give the firm an opportunity to enlighten the workers on business change, which forms a large part of their interests. Moreover, the John Lewis Partnership has established various strategies to achieve the goals of the customers together with the local communities. For instance, conducting opinion surveys helps the company to achieve customer satisfaction. The company is also keen to receive buyers’ feedback through social media and related channels as a means to address their varying interests.
The John Lewis Partnership meets the community needs by engaging in community activities. Suppliers are the other shareholders whose interests the organization seeks to address. Through day-to-day communications with the suppliers, the company manages to build long-lasting relationships. Working closely with supplier groups also ensures that this organization meets the suppliers’ objectives such as the need for fair treatment and fair pricing. Additionally, the John Lewis Partnership complies with the labor standards set by the government. It also shares crucial information with the government through Committee sessions and other meetings. Further, the company works closely with government regulators and trade associations, all in a bid to reach the governmental objectives. NGOs also form an essential part of this partnership’s shareholders. NGOs aim at establishing mutually beneficial relationships with other investors, protecting the environment, boosting economic development, among other functions. The John Lewis Partnership, therefore, helps in the achievement of these goals by participating in conferences and discussions, and making their environmental, social, and ethical stand known to the public.
Explain the responsibilities of your chosen organization and strategies employed to meet them
The John Lewis Partnership is responsible for providing goods and services in accordance to the customers’ interests. They have achieved this by opening many retail outlets in order to reach as many customers as they possibly can. Moreover, this partnership has ceased to focus only on middle and upper class customers by diversifying its marketing strategy. This way, they are now able to reach all types of customers, regardless of their social class. The company has also adopted technologies such as credit cards in order to capture the customers who prefer cashless payment. This has seen John Lewis win several awards for its exceptional treatment of their customers as indicated in consumer surveys. On the other hand, this business has a mandate to treat all the partners with fairness and respect. They, therefore, ensure that integrity and courtesy is upheld whenever the company shares rewards and responsibilities among the co-owners. Additionally, this company offers favorable salaries to their employees and provides bonuses to the deserving individuals. The John Lewis Partnership is also obliged to protect the environment and undertake their social responsibility. Therefore, it has established binding environmental policies and is active in community services. This firm is also keen to establish lasting and productive relationships with all the shareholders, and to be sensitive to civic responsibility.
Task 2: Understand the nature of the national environment in which business operate
2.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively
The allocation of resources in any economy is dependent on the kind of the economic system that a country embraces. While the government controls some of the economies, others exercise the free-market system why some have embraced a combination of these two systems. The government plays minimal or no role in a free-trade economy. In these economies, resources come under the private sector. In this type of system, the market mechanism is used in decision-making. Additionally, the price mechanism determines the amount of goods or services supplied within the economy. On the other hand, the government has the sole responsibility to allocate resources to its people. It does this by making plans on the existing economic activities. Therefore, individuals are not free to choose what they intend to produce or consume. The government is usually keen to ensure that resources are evenly distributed throughout their country. For mixed economies, both the private sector and the government have access to economic resources. This system creates an economic balance in countries that have it.
2.2 Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy your chosen business organization and its activities
Fiscal policies enacted by countries have a two-way effect on the John Lewis Partnership and its activities. The effect is dependent on the type of policy that the state chooses to implement. This means that monetary policies can be either detrimental or beneficial to the company. For example, policies that stimulate the country’s economic growth boost this partnership. This may be in terms of tax cuts, which increase the amount of money available among people. They are, therefore, able to buy more, boosting trade in companies such as John Lewis. Additionally, this business can also take advantage of such legislation to benefit itself. For example, with the implementation of expansionary policies, an increased money supply causes a decrease in interest rate. John Lewis and other organizations are, therefore, able to borrow money to expand their businesses. However, policies that reduce money circulation within the nation make it difficult for the company to grow. For example, with increased tax rates, people are likely to have lesser incomes at their disposable, lowering their ability to purchase. The government may also choose to direct their resources to particular sectors of the economy. This could be in projects such as the establishment of high-speed rails and creation of solar power plants. Such projects have a positive effect on companies such as the John Lewis Partnership.
2.3 Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities on your chosen organization
Competition policy has had a positive impact on the John Lewis Partnership. For example, this company can offer quality products at prices that are fair to all the buyers. For this reason, the John Lewis Partnership has managed to beat its competitors and expand its operations across Europe. This firm also has unique selling propositions that boost the sales. Creation of new products and the provision of a wide range of products are other factors of the competition policy that have enabled the company to enjoy great success. Moreover, they have managed to form strategic partnerships with business in other global markets, an initiative that has been significant in improving the company’s profit margins. On the other hand, the United Kingdom has granted certain powers to its business regulators. Although these people serve an important purpose, businesses like the John Lewis Partnership risk paying heavy fines for any activity deemed to have violated the regulator’s laws. Moreover, with the power given to the regulation authorities, there are often loopholes in their enacted legislation. For example, sometimes these officials avoid regulations that affect a particular market and choose to focus on another. These loopholes are likely to be detrimental to John Lewis and other companies.
Task 3: Understand the behavior of organizations in their market environment
3.1 Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of businesses
Decisions on pricing and output are dependent on the market structure within which the company operates. For instance, firms in perfectly competitive markets have to make their price decisions based on the market price since they are powerless. They are forced to embrace the price that the market offers. Moreover, since they produce similar products, their production decisions are based on the market demand. However, when the market is imperfectly competitive, the companies can use various strategies to influence the market prices. These strategies include advertising and product differentiation. On the other hand, monopolies have the freedom to set the prices for their products while what they produce is largely dependent on the demand. These organizations also need to put the production costs into consideration before making any pricing decisions. These businesses also use different strategies to maintain their monopoly power. For example, the organizations can use excessive patenting and copyright or conduct extensive advertising in order to increase the entry costs by firmly establishing the brand. Additionally, in a monopolistic market, all firms have the freedom to set the prices. They however have to consider the costs they incur as well as the market demand when making output decisions.
3.2 Illustrate the way in which market forces shape
Demand and supply are some of the market forces that influence corporate decisions. Organizational responses are also influenced by the kind of marketing strategies used by businesses. All firms seek to reach a point of equilibrium where there is an equal measure of both supply and demand. They, therefore, have to initiate activities that lead them towards this equilibrium. For example, with an excessive amount of products in the market, organizations may want to produce less in order to avoid wastage and losses. They may also have to lower their prices in order to capture the available market. Conversely, decreased supply prompts firms to increase prices. The market demand also shapes companies’ action. For instance, organizations are likely to produce more to meet any increases in demand or decrease the amount of goods they produce when the demand decreases. On the other hand, companies choose the marketing strategies that they deem most useful. Organizations are, therefore, keen to monitor their rivals’ marketing techniques, after which they can improve on them or adopt other techniques to counter the competitors’ efforts. Evidently, organizations do not always perform the actions that seem fit for them as they are significantly influenced by the existing market prices. Failure to consider these market forces may be detrimental to business.
3.3 Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behavior of your chosen organization
The John Lewis Partnership believes in the provision of equal opportunities to all its partners. For this reason, this organization ensures that profits are fairly shared by all the partners. This company is also keen to meet the customer’s needs and serve them with flair and fairness. Consequently, John Lewis has grown above the other retailers to become the largest in the United Kingdom. It also attracts many buyers wherever another store is opened. This company has also managed to earn a positive public image through its participation in community activities and its efforts to protect the environment. For example, John Lewis aims at reducing its operational carbon footprint by about 15% by 2020. Moreover, being among the best employers worldwide, the John Lewis Partnership draws many skilled personnel and experience minimal employee turnover. It is evident that this firm’s culture gas helped it to conduct business with honesty, fairness and respect to all the shareholders. On the other hand, the community culture has also had an impact on the organizations behaviors. For instance, consumers appreciate quality products and they are bound to become loyal to companies prioritize their interests. This has made John Lewis to be at the forefront of satisfying their customers.
Task 4: Be able to assess the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities
4.1 Discuss the significance of international trade to UK business organizations
International trade is of great importance to business organizations in the United Kingdom. Just like every nation in the world, this economy is not self-sufficient. Therefore, businesses in the UK need to collaborate with other organizations worldwide in order to meet their objectives. First, this trade gives UK firms access to materials that are not locally available. For instance, some of them have to import raw materials for use in their production processes. This implies that it takes foreign trade to sustain some of the companies. Additionally, the United Kingdom is bound to experience surpluses in various economic sector. International trade, therefore, offers them an opportunity to sell the products that cannot be totally consumed within this region. This way, the United Kingdom benefits from foreign exchange and ensures that the wastage that is imminent in terms of surplus production does not occur. Moreover, the United Kingdom has faced times is economic decline especially in the manufacturing sector. With the collapse of some of the companies, this land requires international trade in order to be able to improve its economy, and access necessary products. Foreign trade also brings technological innovations, which are likely to increase its productivity levels in the country. Business people are also able to diffuse some of the foreign technologies into their nation or imitate them to improve the existing ones. Moreover, this trade facilitates across-the border learning in which people acquire new information on things such as product design. Evidently, international trade comes with numerous benefits for UK business organizations.
4.2 Analyze the impact of global factors on UK business organizations
Various global factors have an impact in business organizations in the United Kingdom. One of these factors is the existence of trade blocs. The accessibility of new markets is partly dependent on these blocs. They also influence the costs incurred in foreign trade. Some of the businesses are forced to operate within these blocs in order to reduce the trading costs they are likely to incur in the long term. Additionally, international trade is essential for UK businesses. This implies that any factor that influences trade in economies around the world also affects companies in the UK. For example, when foreign countries experience political instability, businesses in the United Kingdom are threatened. Moreover, these businesses are affected by change in political regimes in other countries. This is because; the new regimes may come up with regulations that restrict UK’s international trade. UK business organizations are also affected by other global factors such tax systems, commodity process, and exchange rates. For example, when countries impose huge taxes on foreign traders, then it becomes hard for the UK businesses to venture successfully in the global market. Further, a rise in commodity prices lower these companies’ profit margins. Moreover, UK organizations are only able to trade well with countries whose culture and religious affiliations do not hinder trade. For example, it would use for a company manufacturing contraceptives to seek trade partnerships with countries whose religious beliefs prohibit the use of such products. Technology also affects UK companies. They are unlikely to succeed when their technological systems are incompatible with those of other economies around the world.
4.3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organizations
EU regulations have both a positive and negative impact on UK business organizations. For instance, while the EU protects some of the businesses, they also discourage investors due to the costs they incur in a bid to abide with the set regulations. Businesses have to cater for expenses such as salaries and travel costs within the European Union. On the other hand, UK membership in this union saves companies from having to show their trademarks to 25 different jurisdictions for examination. This is due to the formulation of the Community Trade Mark as well as the Community Design by the EU. Therefore, companies only make a single application when operating within the EU community. The European Union also helps organizations to beat anti-competitive practices, something that UK would not have been able to achieve on their own. For example, the European Commission was able to fine Microsoft €899 million for engaging in anti-competitive acts. Additionally, exporters within the EU region do not have to pay quotas or tariffs. This is beneficial to UK business organizations as they as UK is a member of the EU.
Case 2 Vivi
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Summary: The Fate of Opel
Opel has encountered numerous challenges over the past few years, but the problem that rocked the operations of the company to near collapse began in 2009. Immediately after the recession, the management initiated the agenda of reviving the entity since the parent company had already declared incapacity to deal with the difficulties of the meltdown. In the United States, the government heeded to GM’s call by using public funds in reviving the firm. However, in Germany the situation was different due to foreign direct investment (FDI) regulations affecting the geopolitics of the region (Alfaro, Chanda, Kalemli-Ozcan & Sayek, 2004, p. 90). For instance, the government supports the establishment of a trust fund as opposed to supporting Opel financially.
Even though the strategy proved critical in the short-term, it posed an ethical dilemma since the nature of operations in Europe differed with approach used in US (Masten & Bosco, 2003). The legislation in US made it difficult for the government of the US to support manufacturers in Germany despite the difficulties. As a result, Opel sold over part of its operations, thus straining the relationship between the management in Europe and the controllers in the US. The decision raised a debate on whether the decision was appropriate.
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The creation of employment opportunities and the ability to influence the decision of the parent company are some of the benefits of FDI inflow to nations such as Germany. In allowing Opel to run its operations in Germany, the country gained the opportunity to sell its shares to locals in the nation.
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Foreign firms on frequent occasions make decision at the interest of the owners since the objective is to reap as much from the operations abroad (Banyuls, Haipeter & Neumann, 2008). Another reason for the bias is the desire to control the entire operations of the firm regardless of the location of the entity.
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The German official ought to encourage owners of automobile subsidiaries in Spain to acquire a stake in the operations of the entity in Spain. The Spanish official, on the other hand, can lobby for the amendment of legislation to bar foreign firms from making decision at will without consulting stakeholders in the host country.
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The ideal vote should support the decision by the government of Germany since the company is responsible for the sustaining the operation of the company in Europe (Kawasaki, Koyama & Kawaguchi, 2014). Owning a stake in the business is justified because the legislation barred Americans from funding the firm. Likewise, Germans should have the right to influence some of the decisions affecting Opel operations in Europe.
References
Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., & Sayek, S. (2004). FDI and economic growth: the role of local financial markets. Journal of international economics, 64(1), 89-112.
Banyuls, J., Haipeter, T., & Neumann, L. (2008). European Works Council at General Motors Europe: bargaining efficiency in regime competition? Industrial Relations Journal, 39(6), 532-547.
Masten, D. A., & Bosco, A. D. (2003). System design for vehicle applications: GM/Opel. Handbook of Fuel Cells.
Kawasaki, M., Koyama, H., & Kawaguchi, S. (2014). U.S. Patent No. D696,986. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
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Salting and Good Faith Negotiations
Case study 4-1
In the company’s treatment of the overt salts applications for jobs, the company was in line with the counter salting recommendations for employers. Taking employment action against an employee because of a legitimate reason for instance lack of enough required qualifications for a certain position as seen with the “overt” salts lacking driving licenses with CDLs and HAZMAT endorsements is not an unfair labor practice.
The “covert” salts would satisfy the NLRB ruling that applicants for employment must be genuinely interested in seeking employment before claiming protection under the NLRA. They intended to seek employment and work for the company. They went through all the required application and recruitment process e.g. filling out application forms and interviews.
The company’s opposition to becoming a union shop does not necessarily indicate there was antiunion animus in refusing to consider the “overt salts” for employment. Companies need not be shy about stating not being supportive of union drives as seen in the case of Walmart, which has measures to reject unions. Moreover, not hiring salts when the applicant(s) is not genuinely interested in getting the job is not seen as unfair labor practice.
Case study 5-1
The company was bound to sign the agreement. This was essential in affirming the terms agreed upon on the negotiation table. Moreover, the company had the duty to show reasonable efforts of bargaining in good faith and show reasonable intent to reach an agreement. Among the “good faith”, conditions established by the board include binding agreements on mutually acceptable terms. The NLRB has stated that refusing to sign an agreement the union and the employer have come to terms on is an indication of bad faith in bargaining.
Rescinding the pay rise without first meeting with the union goes against the concept of good faith negotiations. The company abandoned what had been reached on by the two parties in the tentative agreement and did not even notify the union. Before overturning, the terms in the tentative agreement the company should have first met with the union, expressed its views about the agreement, and put forward its preferred proposals thus initiating negotiations on a new agreement.
Sending negotiators to the bargaining table is a good idea. However, the negotiators role and duty should be clearly understood by both the negotiators and the union. The negotiators can be useful in representing the interests of the employer and giving their insights on issues discussed on the negotiation table.
An analysis of Martin Luther King Jr. Leadership Styles college admissions essay helpAn analysis of Martin Luther King Jr. Leadership Styles
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Introduction
Leadership Challenge model by Kouzes and Posner presents a more practical approach to leadership, other than the usual theories about the practice. According to Kouzes and Posner, leadership is a measurable, learnable as well as teachable set of behaviors, which every individual can pursue under this model. Tracing its roots the early 1982, Kouzes and Posner developed a leadership challenge model based on a rigorous research with an aim of establishing what defined the peak of an individual’s leadership phase. The duo therefore conducted and reviewed a plethora of interviews and case studies, as well as questionnaires in a bid to determine what constitutes best leadership traits (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 9).
The study helped them develop a five fundamental practice, which define exemplary leadership capabilities in an individual. The five fundamental practice therefore constitutes modelling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling others to act, and the ability to encourage the heart. This paper therefore seeks to assess Martin Luther King Jr.’s leadership styles, based on the five fundamental practice devised by Kouzes and Posner. This model involves a process of clarifying a leader’s personal values, which helps to set an example through aligning such values with the shared visions.
Modelling the Way
Under this model, Kouzes and Posner concluded from their surveys that a leader’s actions should be always louder than his words. It describes leaders when they can at their personal best (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 41). The practical performance should go beyond mere promises and policy development, at the expense of their implementation. For instance, an exemplary leader gets a personal involvement in different activities with their subjects. This gives them an opportunity to demonstrate their level of commitment in achieving the set goals and objectives, in union with the subjects. An exemplary leader leads by example, other than standing behind the scenes, issuing orders and instructions on how to accomplish a mission, with little or no knowledge regarding their plans (Kouzes & Posner, 2006: 29).
Under this model, Martin Luther King Junior emerged as a strong leader, down to earth and demonstrated a top-down leadership style, which enhanced his ability as an American leader in the 1990s. Martin Luther’s ability to model the way for other Americans tracks down to his ancestry, and the culture under which he grew and become a leader. To begin with, his grandfather, Reverend A. D. Williams, had set a spiritual precedence for him, having been an appointed reverend at Ebenezer Baptist Church. In addition to his grandfather’s role in creating a moral path for his development as a future leader, his father also served as a reverend in the same church at later days. These gave them a chance to mentor Martin Luther Junior as a morally upright leader, who understood the plight of his American citizens (Bruns, 2006: 6).
When leadership demanded moral uprightness to influence change among the American citizens, Martin Luther junior had a credible and substantial ground to stand. His upbringing provided a fertile ground, upon which he developed moral sense of how to lead, judge situations and make decisions that would often comply with the peoples’ moral standards. Generally, his ability and perpetual willingness to act as a role model when Americans were to achieve a common goal gave him an overall acceptance by the people, a factor that made him a great epitome of change (Kouzes & Posner, 2006: 31).
In addition to his moral upbringing by the parents, yet another parameter made the great American leader to comply with the modeling the way enshrined under the Kouzes and Posner’s five fundamental practice model. Martin Luther King Jr. registered a record of success through his personal achievements. He did not only become an epitome of academic success, but also achieved a unique trend of successful academic path, in which he acquired degrees ranging from bachelors to a PhD. For instance, beginning from 1948, the Morehouse College in Atlanta awarded him a Bachelor’s degree in Arts. Three years after his first degree, Martin qualified for a second award with another bachelor’s degree in Divinity, a qualification that pioneered his leadership as the president of the white class at the Crozer Theological Seminary. With a doctorate later after 2 years, he received a PhD degree in Systematic Theology from the Boston University (Bruns, 2006: 9).
Unlike the occasional minimal application of knowledge from higher learning, Martin Luther leads to apply the knowledge from his Ph.D. to learn the concept of non-violent strategy for implementing social change by Mahatma Gandhi. The acquisition of his higher niche in the academic field was accompanied by added responsibilities, from when he got an absorption to be a member of the executive committee for the NAACP, where he also manifested diligence in service in the accomplishment of the committee goals and objectives. Later in 1957, he played a pivotal role in the foundation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), in conjunction with the combined efforts from other black ministers of his time (Bruns, 2006: 10).
Through his perpetual contributions in establishing the stability of the SCLC, he gained an electoral chance as the president for the conference. Later personal achievements that ushered in his peak of achievements included his nomination as the man of the year by the Time Magazine in 1963. This achievement was shortly followed by the acquisition of the Nobel Peace Prize a year later. His efforts to lead as an example continued when he later gave a personal contribution worth $54,123, to support the activities of the civil right movements in the United States of America.
Inspiring a Shared Vision
The ability of a leader to identify a common vision with the subjects makes them exemplary, owing to the fact they have a common plight as well as grounds for arguing in support of such plight (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 99). In order to win the popular support of the people, Kouzes and Posner argue that the leader must possess a vision of change, change that he can stand and proclaim to the subjects in public in pursuit of their support. While inspiring a shared a vision, usually a leader has a captured a clear vision of the future, which often contain a message of hope for a better life (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 100). The primary duty of this model involves the leader making a personal touch and appeal to the members of the public, with an intention of marshaling their support to achieve a common success of the vision in the end.
Just as the previous discussions indicate, Martin Luther Junior used his opportunity at the Boston University to advance his leadership career by learning and adopting the Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent strategy of implementing social change. As an attempt to involve and share the inspired vision of social change, particularly in the civil rights of Americans, Martin Luther King Junior made a trip to India, where he met supporters and subscribers of Gandhi’s ideology of social change implementation strategies. In addition to the Indian trip, the great leader also used his influential position in 1957 after the acquisition of his PhD to form and head the SCLC (Bruns, 2006).
The main objective of this conference and movement was to provide a valid and credible platform from which Martin Luther Junior and his supporters would champion for the change in the civil rights in America (Bruns, 2006). Despite the little tension that existed between him and other groups of protestors who shared in his inspired vision but had different leadership style from his top-down style, he still managed to assemble and gain their support through his Washington speech entitled “I have a dream.” According to the reports and data gathered about the workers gathering in Washington DC, approximately 200,000 to 250,000 Americans pledged support for Martin Luther’s vision through which he championed for equality.
Challenging the Process
Kouzes and Posner have presented a valid argument in their five fundamental practice model that exemplary leaders use innovation and change as the primary ingredients for brewing their desired level of success (Kouzes & Posner, 2006: 79). Challenging an ongoing process or a system within the society demands for the presentation of a better process as an alternative. It therefore implies that a leader offering a particular challenge to the status quo has to seek for new and better opportunities through innovative ways with the aim of establishing a sense of change, growth, innovation and an overall improvement (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 157). This process entails proper testing and experimentation in order to determine the better alternatives. The experimentation phase majorly involves taking various risks, and using the challenges as learning opportunities to make the requisite amendments in the future efforts (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 185).
Analyzing the historical development and entry of Martin Luther into leadership, his attempts to challenge a number of systems that were prevalent in America gave him a ground of popularity as a leader who cared for the welfare of the common citizens. For example, at the top of the injustices he fought include the war against racism. During his time, racism had taken a deep root in America, and often took center stage as the determinant of what and who every individual in America would be. There was a great discrimination along racial lines, during which non-native Americans missed great opportunities, as well as faced legal injustices based on their skin colors (Bruns, 2006: 8).
Martin Luther King Junior joined the movement with a fierce force in strong opposition of racism. Martin Luther spent close to two decades while organizing and executing various public demonstrations, which became a great and a reliable source of information to the public about the existence of the civil rights movement in America. Moreover, to give more strength and enhance the impacts of the public demonstrations, Martin Luther also conducted such demonstrations with the popular civil rights movements such as the SCLC in places such as Birmingham as well as Alabama in the peak of 1963 (Bruns, 2006). Due to the increasing pressure and tension regarding the demand for social changes involving civil rights, Martin Luther Junior’s opposition movements contributed to an action by the then President John F Kennedy to improve civil rights legislations.
After the much demonstrations staged by Martin Luther King Junior’s opposition the then processes epitomized by racism and oppression of civil rights up to 1963, President John Kennedy acted by presenting a broader civil rights to the congress for legislation. Consequently, Martin Luther Junior’s actions led to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which was more adaptable and more responsive to the diverse needs of the Americans at the time, as well as the future generations. One would therefore deduce that the current freedom enjoyed as enshrined in the Civil Rights Act are fruits of Martin Luther Junior’s efforts to bring liberation to Americans through his opposition approach (Bruns, 2006: 9).
Further manifestations of his effort to challenge the process as an exemplary leader involved his attempt to register public and strong criticism of the American government’s decision to take part in the Vietnam War. He based his efforts for the opposition of the decision on the fact that the American participation in the war led to a strained relationship between his movement of SCLC and the administration of President Lyndon Johnson. His efforts in leading civil rights demonstrations involved individual participations in which he took part in the process of organizing and implementing them.
For example, he took part in the great bus boycott in Montgomery in Alabama, an event that fueled people’s knowledge of his courage as a leader, thus his election to head the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). Martin Luther King Junior also launched a campaign for the poor in 1967, with an aim of fighting against poverty in America (Bruns, 2006: 9). His public popularity for challenging government’s positions and processes during his civil right movements led to his strained relationship with the government, thus his final assassination.
Enabling Others to Act
Kouzes and Posner belong to a school of thought, in which successful leadership is one that gives its subjects a chance to participate in the course of achieving the set goals and objectives (Kouzes & Posner, 2006: 101). Despite the enormous contribution of a single person towards the realization of a common goal, success is only defined by its standards when it is a collective effort, in which each stakeholder registers an effort of contribution (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 215).
Under this framework, Kouzes and Posner paint an exemplary leader as one who imparts into his subjects, the culture of teamwork, and help them achieve beyond their ordinary expectations. This approach to leadership does not only enhance a faster and cheaper means of accomplishing many goals set by the group, but also ensures participatory approach to success. In this case, each individual develops a feeling of ownership and inclusivity, and minimizes chances of resistance in future progress.
Kouzes and Posner assert that people should bond with each other in a stronger sense of collaboration to achieve their common goals (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 218). The leaders can often achieve this sense of unity of purpose through sharing the common inspired vision through building a picture of the future vision and trust among all the members of the group. Through a process of empowering the members of the public, the leader achieves a stronger team for a backup in pursuit of their goals. Leaders, just like Martin Luther King Junior achieve the empowerment process through a culture of sharing their power as well as discretion by delegating some duties to assistants and other members based on their potential (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 220).
As evident during the entire his life, Martin Luther King Junior dedicated his adulthood organizing and executing mass actions in a bid to achieve the shape of America in terms of her civil rights, by championing for equality. Some of the activities involved formation of civil rights movements in which he hoped for the public participation in fighting for their rights, as well as stamping out injustices bordered on racism. Martin Luther King Junior often aimed and hoped for an action of an entire nation in the fight against their challenges in America. This is the main reason why he often took part in different movements, when he was trying to pass a message that they shared a common plight, united for purpose and hence the need for all individuals to take part (Bruns, 2006: 8).
For instance, King junior supported the striking sanitation workers in Georgia, in which he strived by collecting people to participate in the strike. This way, he hoped to obtain a large area of support and participation, hence a stronger voice while fighting for the people’s rights. Through his concerted efforts that ran for a period close to two decades before his assassination, Martin Luther King Junior led a plethora of public demonstrations, through which people gained opportunities to interact and work together under the umbrella of a common plight as oppressed Americans (Bruns, 2006).
Encouraging the Heart
According to Kouzes and Posner, under their leadership framework, an exemplary leader understands what motivates their subjects to deliver more in their activities. Kouzes and Posner (2012: 273) highlight recognition and appreciation as key components of motivation to these subjects. When appreciated, subjects often register a stronger sense of unity and the urge to take part in communal activities with an aim of achieving a common goal. A spirit of community in the course of the journey is a product of the leader’s effort to celebrate the various victories and the values that contribute to the achievement of desired goals (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: 301).
As a form of appreciation and engagement with the people, Martin Luther Junior became a pastor at the Dexter Church, a period before he became a co-pastor with his father, who was a reverend at the Baptist Church. During his religious obligations of preaching at the church, Martin Luther King Junior passed strong messages of hope and peace, which held the church together in hope for a better America. He showed a strong heart when he persevered through major tribulations of his arrests, bombing his house, and gave more than 2500 speeches across America, as well as publishing books and writing several articles.
Conclusion
As a wrap up therefore, Martin Luther King Junior was born, and died a great leader, whose life defined exemplary Leadership Challenge model by Kouzes and Posner. His efforts became an oasis of hope for many Americans and across the globe, bringing them together under a common plight. He did not only offer encouragement to people, but also helped Americans find the requisite hope, the power and the vision to fight for their lives, and those of the future generations. His life during the 20th century America was an epitome of change, defined by selflessness, intelligence, courage and moral uprightness, which became a fertile ground for people to associate with his message of hope for change. The change from oppression, racism and injustices to equality for all Americans.
References
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The leadership challenge: How to make extraordinary things happen in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Pg. 9-301
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2006). The leadership challenge workshop: Participant’s workbook. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Pg. 29-133.
Bruns, R. (2006). Martin Luther King, Jr: A biography. Westport, Conn. [u.a].: Greenwood Press.
ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN LEADERSHIP college application essay helpName:
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ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN LEADERSHIP
Ethical leaders lead by understanding what is right and doing the right things. Leaders have the responsibility of ensuring that their subordinates are productive, and customers remain loyal to their products. However, leaders also have the duty of observing acceptable ethical practices and uphold social responsibilities in their organizations (Mobley, Li, & Wang, 2012). Bill Gates is among the exceptional leaders, and his preferred leadership style is the authoritarian or autocratic. Gates’ leadership style enabled him oversee the rise in prominence of Microsoft. The authoritarian leadership method is among the most effective leadership styles to use in the Information Technology industry. However, for the autocratic leaders to be effective, they need to observe crucial leadership behaviors to guarantee their success. As DuBrin (2011) points out, one of the important leadership behaviors is integrity since the leaders should be trustworthy and honest. Successful leaders also need to observe other ethical leadership behaviors such as compassion, respectfulness, selflessness, and fairness among others.
One of Bill Gates’ vision for Microsoft is to ensure that every computer in run on Microsoft. Although this vision has enabled the company to grow steadily, it has also resulted in some unethical practices by Microsoft towards its stakeholders who include employees and customers. Some of the unethical practices Microsoft has engaged in include blacklisting of journalists, censorship of some of its users, developing software to measure productivity of workers, and mistreatment of employees. For instance, the company is accused of using unethical tactics such as forced retention of employees, cutting employee medical allowances, and using workers employed on a temporary basis for long periods that ensures they do not get various benefits. Microsoft has also been guilty of attempting to monopolize its software, and this reduces freedom of its customers to use its products (Gonzalez, 2011). Bill Gates and Microsoft can improve their practices by showing more compassion and fairness to their employees. Leaders should show sensitivity to the feeling of their subordinates to ensure fair treatment of all employees (Mendonca, & Kanungo, 2006). For example, employees should not work on a temporary basis for long, and all employees should receive medical allowances.
References
DuBrin, A. J. (2011). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Gonzalez, L. (2011). How to become an extraordinary manager (1st ed.). [S.l.]: Authorhouse.
Mendonca, M., & Kanungo, R. N. (2006). Ethical leadership. Maidenhead [u.a.: Open Univ. Press.
Mobley, W. H., Li, M., & Wang, Y. (2012). Advances in global leadership: Vol. 7. Bingley, U.K: Emerald.
Recruitment outsourcing argumentative essay helpRecruitment outsourcing
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Outsourcing
Outsourcing describes the act of assigning tasks to specialized people outside the organization in exchange of pay for the offered services. As described in the “step-by-step guide to outsourcing”, the practice has its origin to traditional business practice of leveraging efforts of outsiders in an attempt to double growth. According to Brown (2011), organizations have been outsourcing the functions of the human resource process over the years. The wide topic of human resource also illustrates that outsourcing mostly deals with talent management and only a very small section deals with technology. Recruitment outsourcing includes everything from engaging a staffing firm to help in tackling the difficulties of hiring to transferring everything from sourcing staff to the actual hiring by the organization into the hands of a third party referred to as the outsourcer (Brown, 2011). This means that outsourcers are supposed to conduct all the processes according to the policy of their clients (Schweyer, 2013). Recruitment outsourcing is a good idea for organizations that have not yet developed recruiting as the main competency or those organizations that have done it, but find it very expensive to maintain. Companies too that require a great amount of hiring to be conducted within a short period may adopt this method.
Companies conduct recruitment outsourcing due to various reasons among them is the urge to reduce costs and concentrate on their core business activities. Another reason put forward by Kalyani &Saboo (2011) is that the process broadens the networks of industries. Despite the benefits, outsourcing has is shortcomings such as hidden costs for legal fees. On numerous occasions, the costs cater for the employmentof lawyers who review the contract agreement between the company and the outsourcer (Schweyer, 2013). Other shortcoming is the risk of exposing their information. Kalyani & Saboo (2011) also describes decline in creativity within a firm as a negative impact of outsourcing.
The human resource business outsourcing process industry is growing at a fast speed. This is because identifying skilled talent has proved to be a very difficult task. Many organizations are competing for these few available talents. Recruitment outsourcing enhances fast growth of a company as it concentrates on core business activities. For example a banking industry may outsource its recruitment and concentrate on money business activities.
Recruitment outsourcing
Recruitment outsourcing is a business process that an employer or company transfers the whole of part of its recruitment processes to an external body that provides recruitment services. A recruitment service provider may provide its own or adopt the organizations employees, technology, and methods.
The recruitment agencies take control of staffs hiring, pursuing applicants, skill tracking, and development. Benefits of the administration and compliance with the relevant government regulations arealso the responsibility of the management(Brown, 2011). The agency is an importantfactor of the employees’welfare in any industry regardless of the size it may be. Their responsibilities include workforce, welfares, employing, sacking,and keeping up to date with the federal tax laws. Any mix-ups regarding these issues may result to major legal problem to an organization and may cause employee dissatisfaction.
Small businesses often lack the budget to cater the human resource details and hence the reason people opt to outsource their human resource requirements.
The recruitment outsourcing facilities normally hasvarious groupings such as a professional employer business, business- procedure outsourcing, application services, and electronic services. Professional employer organizations take the whole responsibility of a company’s human resource administration. Business process outsourcing refers to all outsourcing fields of a company(Kalyani&Saboo 2011). Application service providers have control of the software’s on the internet and rent them to users for example human resource software. E-services offer internet based human resource services.
Why organizations outsource
Target new source of talent
The trend of reducing the workforce has been on the rise and thus spread far wide. As noted by Doz (2011), the number of individuals leaving the workforce is more than the number of those joining. In the current world, skilled workforce are only located in few countries. As per the discussion, the focus is not on the shortage of employees but the scarcity of talent needed by the worldwide labor market. The reason people hire is the irresistible desire to obtain high quality (Doz, 2011). This problem is universal but concentrated in the Middle East region where most companies are experiencing difficulty in filling their workforce with eligible workers. There is rising need to target new sources of talent that included the retired people, free agents, and employees in the emerging markets. However, sustaining these needs is proving to be a very difficult task that is why many companies prefer practicing recruitment outsourcing.
Recruitment Company acts as a partner and brand ambassador
Progressively, companies require dedicated structures, systems, and experts to identify and supply rare talents in various service markets (Schweyer, 2013). In particular, most companies prefer to outsource their recruitment in order to achieve consistency and sincere stewardship of their products. As the recruitment process outsourcing continues to gain power globally, buyers start seeing ways of creating benefit. Providers may identify inefficiencies and assist in creation of better processes, systematize process across locations, and tracking essential metrics for example quality of hires. This involves long-term measurement of factors like performance scores, commitment, promotion and other factors linked to the talent acquisition strategy.
In a company, the employee is more on the driver’s seat then the manager. This means that the employees experience very important to an employer’s brand (Kalyani&Saboo 2011). If the employers brand portrays a certain picture to the public, nevertheless its talent acquisition and maintenance strategy says the opposite to the job seekers, the unfulfilled promise may significantly influence the ability to appeal to its desired talent.
Recruitment process of Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank
Recruitment is the process of identification of potential candidates for vacancies in an organization. These candidates are acquired through the process of searching and sourcing. Recruitment is the process of identifying qualified and competent people for the organization and encouraging more candidates to apply for the available vacancies. After identification, the selection process follows which decides potential candidates amongst the applicants. These candidates are determined through testing, interviews and approvals by an appropriate authority.
The company that deals with recruitment outsourcing for the Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank is the Ultimate Human Resource Solutions (UHRS). This company was founded in 2001 and now has a good market reputation of proactivity and precision in providing the human resource services (Schweyer, 2013). The company delivers greater international standard services to its clients with transparency and efficiency.
The recruitment process follows the protocol of planning, strategy development, searching, screening, evaluation, and control. The UHRS Companyprovides an ideal recruitment programme that attracts a great number of qualified candidates. The company follows the AIBL recruitment sources like internal and external source. The internal source represents the current employees in the bank. In the event of a vacancy, somebody who is already in the payroll may be promoted, transferred, or face demotion. In the case of external outsource, the recruitment agency obtains a new group of interested individuals to apply for the vacant position/positions.
Method of internal recruitment
The UHRS Company applies several methods of identifying qualified candidates within the bank. Among the common methods, include the Job position in which the position is announcement applies to all. The announcement contains information on the nature of position and the specific qualifications needed. Any employee who may be interested is required to apply through the line manager. They also use employee referrals where information communications between managers help to identify the best candidate for the job. Skill inventories also assist the UHRS know the various information about every employee’s skill, history and education that may be suitable for the vacant position.
Methods for external recruitments
The company usually advertises the vacancy in a newspaper or any other media means. They include the position salary range and the qualifications needed. During the process, applicants are require to send their CVs and credentials and wait for official communication. In addition, whenever a specific educational level is required, they go to colleges, universities, or high schools to get the employees. Nandakumar (2010) also posits that the process has to be steered by professions for success to be accomplished in the long-term
Why the organization outsourcing the recruitment effort
The International economy has greatly changed, making recruitment and hiring the precise candidates more difficult. Among the new economic situations are the global competition, the fast shifting business conditions, high unemployment, shortage of skilled personnel’s, and the war of talent (Schweyer, 2013). Finding the right people in this type of environment highly requires new recruiting skills and developing relations with successful candidates (Bold, 2011). Busy industries achieve all this by outsourcing recruitment.
One of the main reason why Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank (ADCM) seeks outsourcing is to improve the institutions functions by seeking a more specialized company to take hold of these functions. The UHRS company is more specialized in the recruitment function as it keenly scrutinizes applicants and populates a list of the most qualified personnel’s with the right qualifications to handle the banking jobs. Outsourcing means transferring other responsibilities and work to another person or firm and repaying them for their services. This is a cost efficient method as the bank does not incur expenses like job advertising expenses. The bank gets the chance to concentrate on its best processes through outsourcing other activities.
Reduce costs
In the changing economy, reduction of certain costs is the main concern of most companies, according to Oshri, Kotlarsky &Willcocks (2011). Rather than labor costs, the costs attached to recruitment activities include advertisements, screening, candidates track system, and the recruiting technology. These costs can be avoided when a company outsources its recruitment functions. The other way of reducing cost comprises shared risk and simplified processes (Oshri, Kotlarsky &Willcocks, 2011). Allocation of this responsibility to dedicated outsourcing company helps to avoid employment of unnecessary staff or running short of staffs when the business booms. The Abu Dhabi Commercial Bankoutsources to eliminate delays and making wrong decisions on employments.
Focus on core business
The core business of theAbu Dhabi Commercial Bank involves money business activities. Most of the companies are not involved in the recruiting function because they require focusing on their core business activity. Outsourcing enables a business to concentrate on its operations without any distractions. Human resource employees who have recruiting responsibilities may become overwhelmed with the recruiting volume making them unable to focus on their human resource roles. This may interfere with productivity and their ability to focus on the current employees programs. The Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank allows recruitment outsourcing to allow its human resource department focus on internal employee’s welfare.
Improving recruitment effectiveness
The Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank have realized the competitive worldwide job market, skill shortage and limited recruiting locations. This has made it very difficult for organizations to identify qualified candidates. The management concluded that they may not be able to achieve recruiting process improvements and this may be a disadvantage over their competitors. They decided to benefit from Ultimate hiring research (UHRS) company’s ability to get reach more and qualified applicants.
Fast growth
Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank is experiencing rapid growth and seasonal spikes that are creating difficulty in meeting recruitment needs. The challenge is forcing the bank to outsource recruitment to create more time to concentrate on the market growth and expansion of the business. As noted by Kalyani&Saboo (2011), UHRS Company provides them with more dedicated and experienced staffs.
Example 2
TanmyaCompany
Tanmya is a company based in Riyadh and was established in 2013. The company deals with developing innovative products for targeted customers, formulating solutions for investors by assessing their requirements, managing facilities, and buying or selling properties. Tanmya Company is committed to development of residential and commercial properties for its customers.
Tanmya Company outsources the recruitment work to TASC Recruitment Company based in Dubai. TASC is a leading company in outsourcing professionals to client all over the country. TASC has more than 200 client companies in the region. Tanmya Companyas a new company needed to have professionals in the investment industries and property management. The management board realized how crucial the companies work was so they realized the need of acquiring professionals (Bold, 2011).
Tanmya Company is a new company and needs dedicated infrastructure and experts to locate the scarce talent in the multiple employment markets. The company also needs to maintain a strong employment brand that will provide a significant competitive advantage. Below are the reasons why Tanmya Company uses professional companies in the recruitment process:
They are having trouble finding the best applicants
The company is experiencing problems in finding the right applicants to fill their vacant positions. We all understand how crucial and involving management and investment work is. The company’s management great concern is to get these vacancies filled with the finest and most competent people in the defined industry. Experts have the ability to undertake the job for advanced companies.
The recruitment work is taking more time and resources from the main business
Not every person is in the recruiting business, even if most companies are practicing recruitment function, most of the times it takes would take away the core business activity. This is evident in small and growing companies like Tanmya Company. Tanmya Company lacks recruitment staff body and this makes them seek services from TASC that is a leading company in UAE. Outsourced recruiting assist them to a large extent by allowing a consultant to perform exactly what is best without taking away from the company daily processes and functions.
Tanmya Company needed to reduce their turnover rates
The turnover rate is the number of new employees that leave within a definite period. This period may be a month or two months. The turnover rates may hurt a company’s foundation and oftenly displays a sign of great problems within the company’s recruiting functions. These problems are not necessarily fixed by rising the salary or by conducting a better interview. Tanmya Company identified the problem and realized that the solution was to outsource recruiting to a more experienced company in order to reduce the turnover rates and fix the bigger problem of the company.
The company required to level the playing field
Small and growing companies have the problem of competing with superior companies. These companies outsource their recruiting due to lack of resources required to maintain level with large competing companies. By outsourcing, the company proved that they could level the playing field and lessen the worry of losing good talents because their competitors were doing a better job of offering better benefits to their employees thus made Tanmya company loose most of its talented employees (Schweyer, 2013).
Their current recruiting functions are out of control
Companies that are on fast track or that have seasonal cyclesoften have recruiting functions that are extremely tough to handle. This problem was a great concern to Tanmya Company. The company were experiencing a difficult time coping up with hiring and recruitment of employees. During high season, the company was hiring employees very quickly but to be slow in hiring for the rest of the period. TASC outsourcing company assists Tanmya to handle fluctuations and serve as provisional solution to provisional problem.
The company needed to reduce costs
Most companies outsource recruiting for reducing their costs purpose. These costs may be labor costs or capital costs. Tanmya Company was spending most of its finances to search for employees through advertisements and sending personnel to identify them. However, outsourcing solution provided an efficient cost reducing solution that has seen the company transfer all these expenses to the TASC Company.
Disadvantages of outsourcing recruitments for the Tanmya Company
Reducing costs and increasing profits sounds like a great idea for many companies especially the new growing companies. However, these companies may face various disadvantages of outsourcing as well. One of the disadvantages is not letting the management to fully monitor the employee’s activities because of location. TanmyaCompany manages various properties spread through UAE. They are limited to their scope of observation because their managers are assigned in far locations away from their main headquarters. Assessment of their workers is limited too because the management are limited to online interviews or give short tests to define the effectiveness of their workers.
Another disadvantage that Tanmya Company faces is the language barrier. Tanmya Company’s employee group comprises both local and foreign employees. In case of functions that require handling calls, there are sometimes cases of misunderstanding due to language barrier between the customer and the assistant provider. This makes the company sometimes termed as poor in providing quality call handling services.
The theory proposes that as administrative human resource consumes fewer resources and procedures for example talent management therefore gain additional ground (Schweyer, 2013). Observing the ways theory reflect on the receivers’ opinions may be an efficient approach of assessing the matter.
Conclusion
Most organizations identify recruitment process outsourcing as selected recruit activities for selected level of employees. Most researchers regard recruitment process outsourcing as the most important component of talent acquisition processes in today’s business world. A great percentage of organizations today outsource some or almost of their recruiting services.
There are various important reasons why companies choose to recruit outsourcing. However, only two are distinguishable. One is to meet the pressing staffing needs and the second is focus on competition. Many organizations use recruitment process outsourcing for tactical reasons. However, organizations that practice strategic outsourcing approaches are the once utilizing the most value from the process. Organizations should adopt recruitment outsourcing because of its benefits to an organization.
Diagram
Below is a diagram indicating the outsourcing channels for use in industries across the globe. The template describes the process from the analysis of the requirement to sourcing the staff after which screening follows in the next stage. Interviewing follows before a decision is made.
The diagram has been retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=recruitment+outsourcing+pattern&client=firefox-a&hs=h2Z&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=sb&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=R6ErVJ3MDdLvaOz9gIAM&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg&biw=1280&bih=891#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=pFL9e7dOaUKGJM3AUR5s1y1qLIg9KMhttp3A2F2Fpragna.net2Fblog2Fwp-content2Fuploads2F20132F022Fprocess.jpghttp3A2F2Fpragna.net2Fblog2F640365
References
Bold, E-O.(2011) ‘Instruments and techniques used in design and implementation of change management’.Journal of Advanced Research in Management.Vol 2, Iss. 1(3), p. 5-13.
Brown, J. N. (2011). The complete guide to recruitment: A step-by-step approach to selecting, assessing and hiring the right people. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page.
Doz, Y. (2011) ‘Qualitative research for international businesses. Journal International Business Studies.Iss.42, p. 582-590.
Gunderson Hunt, K. (2010) ‘Finders keepers’.Journal of Property Management.Vol. 75, Iss.6, p. 36-40.
International Conference on Information Management and Evaluation, & Grant, K. (2011). Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Information Management and Evaluation: Ryerson University, Toronto Canada, 27-28 April 2011.
Kalyani, M. &Saboo, M.P. (2011) ‘Human resource strategy: A tool of managing change for organizational excellence’. International Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 6, No. 8, p. 280-286.
Nandakumar, M. K. (2010). Book Review: Outsourcing design, process and performance. John Wiley & Sons Ltd…
Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., &Willcocks, L. P. (2011). The handbook of global outsourcing and offshoring.Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Schweyer, A. (2013). Talent management systems: Best practices in technology solutions for recruitment, retention and workforce planning. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
Tanmya. Retrieved 27 September 2014 from http://www.tanmya.com/services.php
TASC. Retrieved 27 September 2014 from http://tascoutsourcing.com/career-services/work-uae
Ultimate HR solutions. Retrieved 27 September 2014 from http://www.umcdubai.com/aboutus.php
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) essay help site:eduCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
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Introduction
Corporate Social Responsibility is the lawful, moral, and unrestricted opportunities that the society expects from companies. The idea of CSR implies that companies have principled, moral, and charitable duties in addition to their duties to obtain unbiased revenue for investors and conform to the shareholders. A customary understanding of the corporation proposes that its main accountability is its proprietors. Nonetheless, CSR requires companies to implement an extensive view of its duties that comprises stockholders, workers, distributors, customers and the local society. Some examples of CSR include preventing pollution, performing ethical labor activities, and donating to global and local assistances. Most businesses use the resources obtained from the society as their raw materials (Baxi & Prasad, 2005). Even though some people believe that organizations do not have the responsibility to give something back, many societies have constantly held demonstrations to demand compensation. The paper discusses the motivating factors of corporations to participate in social and environmental issues in local communities. It will also assess charity as a socially responsible business activity using local or international examples. The paper will support the notion that companies using resources of society should compensate.
Organizational motivating factors to participate in social and environmental issues in local communities
Numerous factors motivate companies to engage in social environmental issues in local communities. Some of the factors are discussed below.
Reputation and brand management: most companies consider participating in corporate social responsibility to improve their reputation and brand management. Moreover, this is considered to have the most direct association to financial benefits. Specifically, this trend is common with companies with end consumers like retail and food. Based on the behavior of customers, a superior corporate social responsibility is necessary because it affects the choices made by customers to either purchase products or refrain. Other organizations, which have destroyed their character due to environmental accidents or pollutions, have also been encouraged to participate in social and environmental issues in local communities to improve their reputation and manage their brand. Additionally, companies can also offer education sponsorship to the needy students within a particular community to improve their reputation and manage their brand. Such companies gain much respect from the local communities who opt to buy their products and ignore other competitors in the market.
Accessibility: most companies would want to participate in corporate social responsibility to ensure that their properties, products, services, and infrastructures do not experience challenges. This can be achieved by constructing or repairing the existing means of transport that can equally benefit the company and the community. Therefore, local community will have to use them individually irrespective of an individual’s capability, gender, age, and cultural background. For instance, the practice of road construction is common with the sugar, cotton, and furniture industries. They always do this to ease the transportation of raw materials. Organizations can demonstrate their commitment to attachment by encouraging every member of the society to take part in community life and can be identified as potential contributors. This is a vital consideration mainly for individuals with disabilities.
Poverty decrease, economic and social enclosure: organizations tend to apply social hiring as a contributing factor to poverty reduction. Many companies for their economic and social inclusion have also used social hiring. In this case, persons experiencing labor market challenges due to their physical, psychological, and growing disabilities will get an opportunity to work through social hiring. Through social hiring, companies would always want to recruit workers with employment necessities. Moreover, organizations use numerous ways to obtain the right candidates for consideration. For instance, a company can target particular underprivileged groups like youths, fresh immigrants, and individuals with disabilities and provide a resource agency in the community to offer the necessary proactive support. Many tire and auto repair companies recruit competent workers via non-profit recruitment firms, which list those individuals with skills but experience employment barriers.
Shareholder engagement: shareholder engagement is the practice of listening and communicating to shareholders. It is also defined as the community engagement and consultation. Through shareholder engagement, the society can communicate with the workers and the managers concerning their issues, worries and necessitate. Certain organizations pollute the environment by releasing toxic waste materials into the rivers that in turn affect the health of the entire community. Therefore, through shareholder engagement, the society will have an opportunity to express their worries, issues, and necessities. Companies use shareholder engagement to participate in social and environmental issues in local communities as this provides them with necessary directions and decisions to make. Through this engagement, organizations will not only meet the necessities of its customers and the society, but also create additional strong and lasting business results (Sims, 2003). Firms that want to communicate to their customers and establish market opportunities, control risks, improve their products and services participate in social and environmental issues like stakeholder engagement in local communities. For instance, an organization can request the community leaders to make a list of pressing issues affecting their community and the role that the company could play in finding the most appropriate solution. In most case, poverty and climate change are some of the most common societal, ecological and economic issues affecting various communities.
Risk management: the present business environment, social threat, technological, financial and political risks are believed to be common. Moreover, social threats are mainly prominent in the sections of human rights, employment ethics, ecological standards, and sustainability. Internationally, social threats affect cost of products and services, marketability, operations and distribution. Through risk management, firms can establish data requirements for early detection and reporting. This would assist in the incorporation of CSR activities into an organization’s strategic risk management to ensure that the effect of CSR activities if exploited.
Companies using resources of the society should give back
Arguably, it is ethical for companies that use resources of the society to give back. The use of natural resources always affects the environment. For instance, companies producing timber always destroys the ecosystem leading to soil erosion. This eventually affects the production capacity of local farmers. Therefore, such companies should give back to the society by initiating and supporting various methods of controlling soil erosion in the affected community. In addition, they should also encourage the plantation of new trees, as this will prevent total depletion of the available natural resources or deforestation. Since soil erosion reduces soil fertility, affected companies should provide manures and high-grade seeds to farmers to improve the level of their produce. Oil drilling companies use the resources of the society hence it is their social responsibility to give back to the society.
It will be unethical for such companies to employ workers from their countries and to ignore the local community. Therefore, it is necessary for such companies to have a particular percentage of workers from the local community as this will improve their relationship and improve their working conditions. Without giving back in terms of providing employment or initiating certain community programs like construction of roads, reducing water and air pollution and developing clean energy, the company will not operate peacefully with the local communities (Longenecker, 2012). Using resources of the society because unequal development hence, it is necessary for business organizations to give back so as to encourage equal development. For instance, is a company uses raw materials obtained from a different region, the society within the location of the industry will develop faster that that where raw material are obtained hence this explains the necessity of giving back to the community where resources are obtained.
Conclusion
In conclusion, companies would want to participate in social environmental issues in local communities to build their reputation and manage their brand. Moreover, they would also do this to reduce the threats of their properties, products, services, and infrastructures. Poverty reduction and communal as well as financial enclosure are also some of the reasons why organizations participate in social corporate responsibility. Through community participation and consultation, companies would understand the requirements of their customers hence improving their sales. However, it is important to agree that companies using the resources of the society should give back. This would prevent unequal development, depletion of available resources, create employment, and improve relationship between the company in this context and the society as a whole.
References
Baxi, C. V., & Prasad, A. (2005). Corporate social responsibility: Concepts and cases: the Indian experience. New Delhi, India: Excel Books.
Longenecker, J. G. (2012). Small business management: Launching & growing entrepreneurial ventures. Australia: Southwestern, Cengage Learning.
Sims, R. R. (2003). Ethics and corporate social responsibility: Why giants fall. Westport, Conn: Praeger.
Code of Ethics in HR Training and Development college essay helpCode of Ethics in HR Training and Development
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Code of Ethics in HR Training and Development
Generally, ethics refer to the daily set of rules or standard practices that each individual hold, which forms the basis of the key decisions in different situations. Ethics therefore form a primary guideline for people living in a society to behave in a pre-accepted manner. On the other hand, there is set of professional ethics, from which members of a given profession guide themselves regarding their behavior (Weise & Daly, 2014). In this case, a professional ethic trainer has an obligation to create a definition for the professional culture. An ethical trainer creates a culture by acting as a role model, in which members of a particular profession conduct themselves. For instance, the community at Saint Leo University, including the staff and students has an obligation to abide by the six-point code of ethics. The university’s code of ethics emphasizes on Respect for all, Community, Responsible Stewardship, Personal Development, Excellence, as well as Integrity.
For ethical trainers to achieve success in setting the set of rules that guide the behavior of professionals there are a number of factors to consider. The trainers obtain such points of consideration from thorough research and wide consultations. This is because employers understand and prioritize the significant role played by the community’s welfare. Trainers consider sexual harassment and related issues. In many countries, it is legally provided, that the employers usually bear the responsibility during any case of sexual harassment, since they have a duty to lay down mechanisms to prevent potential occurrence of such cases (Corey, et.al, 2014).
The trainers should offer continued training to all new employees, in which they understand what constitutes a case of harassment, as well as the legal implications of such acts. This process also entails inducting the community regarding what may not refer to sexual harassment. Other important factors include discrimination and safety. The training should consider various conditions within the workplace that may either hinder or promote safety.
Furthermore, there are legal and liability issues that trainers ought to consider while conducting such training processes. Unlike the past decades when employee training was, an extra expense to which gave insignificant returns to the organization, the modern legal framework provides for it as an obligation for the employers (Weise & Daly, 2014). It is factual that employers are liable and due for legal actions in cases where employee welfare faces any threat resulting from discrimination, sexual harassment, as well as lack of adequate safety mechanisms.
For example, a female employee who faces sexual discrimination or harassment due to improper office layout may open legal proceedings against their employers for failing to discharge their legal mandate. Besides employee training being an aspect of legal compliance, employers benefit from intelligent and well-trained employees due to high quality and quantity of services. In the case of St. Leo, the university has defined a clear code of conduct, in which there is respect for all people’s ideas and cultural diversities. This respect remains paramount, in which case a member of the institution who feels threatened in any way should seek legal actions against the University Senate or Council as the liable parties.
While both the contract and ‘in-house’ trainers have a common goal of creating a knowledge base and motivation to the employees to deliver better services, there may exist thin lines of differences in terms of ethical challenges (Corey, et.al, 2014). Contract training involves an aspect of adventure in which the trainers move from place to place, meeting new employees for different training sessions.
Since every session involves creating a new rapport with the employees, contract trainers have to devise a mechanism of learning the challenges of a new group, and therefore develop a relationship to guide the training (Weise & Daly, 2014). On the other hand, ‘In-house’ training involves dealing with the internal workers on a regular basis, during which the trainer has an advantage of a preformed relationship. There is a difference in terms of the relationship between the trainers and the trainees, which stems from the extent of prior knowledge.
References
Corey, G., Corey, M., Corey, C., & Callanan, P. (2014). Issues and ethics in the helping professions. Cengage Learning.
Weise, K. L., & Daly, B. J. (2014). Exploring accountability of clinical ethics consultants: Practice and training implications. The American Journal of Bioethics, 14(6), 34-41.
Paper #2: Frist Center Paper college essay help near meName
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Paper #2: Frist Center Paper
Source: Thomas Gainsborough (English, 1727–1788). Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria, ca. 1754–55
Introduction
Thomas Gainsborough exhibition on Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria reflects an example of a conversation piece. The artwork was created between 1754 and 1755.Thomas Gainsborough purpose on this painting is to indicate his expertise and knowledge in illustrating paintings on natural sceneries. The focus of this paper is to analysis the paintings, colors and the symbolic meaning linked with the portrait of Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria.
Discussion
Thomas Gainsborough applies the same materialistic ideals that drive modern people in the contemporary society. In most cases, persons in position of author normally prefer commemorating their social status using paintings. Some people may acquire artistic work from eminent artists to illustrate their social prosperity. Others may require portraits to serve as reminders of their status.
A couple, Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria, opt to celebrate their life by indicating their status based on the natural scenery. To portray their status, the Mr. and Mrs. John Browne commission the painter Thomas Gainsborough to paint their portrait. In essence, Gainsborough’s’ painting of the Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria is a perfect example of genre of “conversation pieces. This portrait gained great admiration during the 18th century. In contrast to the official, forthright portraits brought forth during the earlier periods, Gainsborough painting which is a “conversation piece”, is illustrated by few people in open space, involved in a discussion and oblivious of the viewer.
However, Thomas Gainsborough painting contrasts with that tradition because the three individuals, that is, Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria, seem aware of the painter. Nevertheless, their relaxed posture and sitting position on the natural scenery links them to the “conversation piece” aspect.
In this painting, Gainsborough captures the barely-veiled derision in both Mr. and Mrs. John Browne eyes and their ironic smile. Mr. Browne and his wife are conscious that their painter is beneath their social status.
Based on the “conversation piece” aspect, Gainsborough incorporates a landscape in the painting. Conversely, he illustrates a much wider view of the scenery by showing their homestead and above a dog. In this regard, the inclusion of a dog indicates the aspect of security. Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter pose on the farthest end of the Canvas, instead of directly at the center as was normally in straightforward painting. On the left side, Gainsborough provides equal focus on the Browne’s homestead.
The couple sits below the cliff, while the middle ground to the right is characterized with a stream of water, and the farthest end stands their homestead. By incorporating a dog in the portrait, Gainsborough main objective is to indicate that the homestead and the entire land are under control. Their sitting posture suggests that the couple is economically stable and can now relax with even the dog. Furthermore, Mr. Browns’ sitting posture indicates that his closeness towards his family.
The focus that Gainsborough bestows on the natural scenery reflects his lifelong admiration for nature. The style that Gainsborough uses in demonstrating this portrait is a French style known as the Rococo. During the 17th century, England had weak painting ideals, and most painters were foreigners. Therefore, Gainsborough used the frivolous paintings that French painters used by modifying them in generating reserved paintings.
Mrs. Browns’ dress possesses the light colors, which glimmers with Mr. Brown’s shirt in spite of the cloudy sky. The couple seems pale and agile, illustrating the high-class social privilege of relaxing while having persons work for you. Furthermore, the elaborate homestead serves as a flamboyant illustration of the high-class life. Even though the painting seems perfect, there is something wrong with the work. Mrs. Brown places her hands on her laps and bare canvas surrounds them. Gainsborough knows what he wanted to include in that space.
Some painters suggest that Mrs. Browne intended to hold a dead game animal on her hand to indicate the success of her husband’s effort in hunting. Inclusion of a dead animal would be an important aspect in emphasizing the family’s control over their elaborate land. In contrast, inclusion of a lively animal could damage Mrs. Browne’s elegant dress and appear unlikely. Another possibility for the empty space on Mrs. Browne’s laps is for holding their daughter, Anne Maria. Irrespective of whatever Mrs. Browne was place on her laps, Gainsborough never included in the portrait.
In conclusion, Thomas Gainsborough painting on Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria is successful because it serves its original purposes. As perceived, the objective of the painting was to portray the family’s upper class status. However, some scholars, especially, the contemporary ones perceive this artwork as incomplete.
Works Cited
Asher B. Durand (1796–1886). Sunday Morning, 1839. Oil on canvas. The New-York Historical Society, Gift of the children of the artist, through John Durand, 1903.3
Thomas Gainsborough (English, 1727–1788). Mr. and Mrs. John Browne and their daughter, Anne Maria, ca. 1754–55
Adamson v. California scholarship essay helpSummary
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Adamson v. California
In this particular trial, Adamson (plaintiff) was found guilty of first-degree murder in California in 1946 and was sentenced to death. This is after the differing trial counsel mentioned that he had declined to give his testimony to the court. According to the California statute, the Fifth Amendment privilege in contradiction of self-accusation is not a section of the right to unbiased judgment as stated in the Due Process phrase of Fourteenth Amendment. During the trial, the plaintiff decided not to testify or to be interrogated regarding previous crimes of burglary that he was accused to have committed. Based on California law, Adamson’s effort to avoid prosecution of his legitimacy gave prosecuting attorneys an opportunity to refer to his refusal to take to the stands thereby bringing his conviction (Schultz, 2002). The plaintiff stated that the California law that grants opposing juries an opportunity to mention his refusal to take to the stands is against the Fifth Amendment’s embargo.
The introduction of this ban was to protect the defendant’s obligation to testify. The appellant further stated that the Fifth Amendment was based on the Fourteenth Amendment. The court confirmed the plaintiff’s conviction. The court overruled the statement that the protection of Fifth Amendment against self-accusation was made effective by liberty from testimonial obligation. This is the right of an individual covered in the Fourteenth Amendment. The notion that protection verses self-accusation was an individual’s liberty protected by the Federal Constitution was also rejected by the court. Even though Fourteenth Amendment stops a state from shortening the rights and protections of American citizens, a state can shorten the rights and protections moving from state citizenship if due process is followed. Even though this case supported selective inclusion in arguing that the Fifth Amendment did not refer to the states via the Fourteenth, succeeding cases held that Fourteenth Amendment did not authorize the opposing judges to carry out mentioning upon the plaintiffs failure to testify.
Duncan v. Louisiana
In 1996, Gary Duncan (plaintiff) was driving when he spotted hit two teenage black cousins in a company of four white teenagers. His cousins had to another learning institution due to racial problems. When the plaintiff approached the teenagers, an argument erupted hence they decided to leave the white boys and drove away. A white boy attested that the plaintiff slapped his elbow before driving away. Conversely, the plaintiff testified that he simply touched the white teenager in the elbow. Gary Duncan was accused of simply battery. This prompted him to sought official examination of evidence before the judge. However, the trial by judge was rejected. Consequently, the plaintiff fruitfully challenged the refusal of the judges arguing that it was against the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment (Singer, 2012). These amendments protects the privilege to trial by judge in state crime trials where a statement may be imposed, as in the above case.
The main purpose of a privilege to jury trial is to lessen the chances of judicial of prosecutorial injustice. Arguably, trial by the judge is an important portion of the criminal system. Therefore, it is vital to protect against unsubstantiated criminal charges. It is also essential to protect against juries who are quick to respond to higher authority. Trial by judge is a protection against overenthusiastic prosecutors. Criticizers complained that judges could not effectively understand evidences presented and issues of fact. Nevertheless, they understand the proof and make viable conclusions in numerous cases presented.
References
Schultz, D. A. (2002). The encyclopedia of American law. New York: Facts on File.
Singer, M. (2012). Jury duty: Reclaiming your political power and taking responsibility. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger.
Altius Golf college admission essay help
Altius Golf
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Short cycle process
The person in charge of making decisions in the case is the company’s CEO (Evelyn Grace)
The issue is about the implementation of Elevate program. The issue is important because it will determine the future of the company. For instance, its implementation might boost the performance of the company.
The issue has arisen because the change in the American economy which altered the nature of expenditure among the golf players. Therefore, the company could no longer realize high sales returns. The decision maker is involved to retain the reputation of this organization.
The decision maker should act within the shortest time possible since other competitors have already taken that advantage to dominate the market by providing cheap alternative golf balls.
Long cycle process
Case specific issues
Change in the nature of expenditure among the golf players the NPD concept for this issue is in-depth interviews on the potential customers to establish the real course.
The company had been dropping its manifestation in off-course retailors the NPD concept for this issue is carrying out extensive market research to authenticate the allegation
Reduction in the number of people interested in golf that led to the reduction in participation the NPD concept for this issue include carrying out phone interviews and mail to obtain response from the potential buyers.
Urgency of issues
High
Low
High
Generation of alternatives
Implementation of the Elevate program
Ensure that advertisements highlight fun and accessibility not the organization’s relationship with tour specialists
Decision criteria
Production of cheap golf balls
Improving the appearance of the golf balls
Production of smoother golf balls that can easily move for long distances
Increase returns
Retain customer satisfaction
Retain flexibility
Preferred alternative
The preferred alternative is the production of cheap golf balls. The main problem started with the economic decline, which made golfers resolve to buy cheap golf balls. Therefore, the inclusion of both cheap golf balls and Victor TX brands will work in every economic situation.
Action and implementation plan
The company’s CEO will spearhead the implementation plan of the Elevate program. This should be carried out within the first week to give room for proper analysis of its productivity. Moreover, all board members will be required to present during the implementation process. It will be solved by first raising awareness then training of the implementers. This will be followed by monitoring and reporting of the progress.
Reasons why Altius Golf lost market
Technological advancements in the golf ball market over the last years caused the gradual change. For instance, golfers would prefer new and cheap golf balls. The total number of golf balls bought by players in America was roughly 50 percent of the Altius Golf products. This later changed after the 2008 financial crisis. This altered the nature of expenditure among the golf players. This implies that golfers went for cheap golf ball instead of the premium ones that were being sold by the company. On the other hand, the company had been dropping its manifestation in off-course retailors. For instance, their presence decreased from roughly 50 percent in 2008 to roughly 40 percent in 2012. The other reason Altius Golf lost market is the reduction in the number of people interested in golf that led to the reduction in participation (Dolan, 2013). Logically, the complete rounds of golf played had reduced thereby affecting demand for fresh equipment. If the company retains the status quo, it will completely lose its dominance in the market and lose all its customers. This implies that the company will be making loses, a factor that can lead to its closedown.
Objectives of Altius Golf
The company’s goal is to implement the Elevate program, which had been proposed by the company’s executive officer. This would nurture another generation of golf players. With the implementation of this program, the company will not only present a smoother golf ball, but also that which can easily move for long distances. Moreover, the cost of the product would be less than 40 percent of the industry’s flagship products to compete with other similar and cheap products in the market. This value has been established as the most appropriate for reaching the extensive recreational market. It is also necessary to place the new products next to the Victor and Victor TX brands (Dolan, 2013). The other objective is to ensure that advertisements highlight fun and accessibility not the organization’s relationship with tour specialists. In conclusion, the trade-offs can be managed by introducing a cheap and smoother golf ball that can easily move for long distances and dropping their initial premium Victor TX product brand.
Comparison of returns and gross profit of the company and its rivals in 2012
In 2012, the gross profit of Altius was $158.6 while that of Primiera and Bantam were $31.9 and 24.2 respectively. Moreover, the company’s market share was 55.2 percent while Primiera and Bantam recorded 15 percent and 11.4 percent respectively. Altius’ retail sales, producer sales, and units’ sales were higher than that of the other competitors in the market. The figures of Primiera was also higher than that of Bantam. It is important to conclude that Altius dominated the market during this period followed by Primiera and Bantam.
The company’s value of a point of market share
The company’s value of a point of market share is $218.3
Implications for Elevate program
Apart from being the company’s main adventure at this price point, the program would be supported in off-course traders and would be displayed next to the Victor and Victor TX brands. Customers and traders would be expecting cheap product from the company and honesty to a non-conforming ball. The unit contributions and gross margin would increase due to demand increase of the cheap golf balls.
Implementation of Elevate strategy
Arguably, it is necessary or the company to implement Elevate strategy because it will improve the brand and pricing architecture. It will also bring margins together. The main risk the brand will face is the high competition from brands produced by other competitors. To solve the problem, it is necessary for the company to produce unique, high quality and cheap golf balls. After the implementation of the program, the company is expect to improve its sales because golf balls will sell at a cheaper price.
Reference
Dolan, R. (2013). Altius Golf and the Fighter Brand. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/AltiusGolf14191.pdf
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Heaven
Introduction
This paper describes what I witnessed while I visited heaven through a dream. It was an encounter that would take my lifetime to forget what I saw. Apparently, I met with five exceptional individuals namely Paul, Timothy, Silas, Judas and James. I had a personal experience with each of these characters.
Emotional Outlook
I gained quite an intense emotional outlook from encounters with these characters especially Paul. Paul was an exceptional character with much wisdom and vast knowledge of religion. I learned that he was a renowned preacher in various churches across Corinthians. Corinthian was a town in a country called Jerusalem. Paul used to preach from one church to another and from one country to another. Due to his nature of preaching, he used to come across various people of different religion. When he went to Rome, Paul faced much criticism there because of the presence of pagans who used to pray to idols. When Paul saw this, he rebuked those people for their lack of knowledge towards God the Creator and their only doctrine towards their glorification of their idols.
These people got angered by Paul, and they held a protest against him and his teachings. Paul died from stoning. The same case of stoning happened to Timothy, a friend of Paul while in Corinthians. These two individuals had a very painful death. I was very distressing to observe this kind of a scenario as I saw in the flashback of his mind. Cold fear and a great shock engulfed me. The reason for my shock is that no individual whether a Christian or a pagan has the permission to execute another for whatever reason. Any wrong done requires a course of action taken by the court. I was affected so much by the death of Paul and Timothy that I stayed for over one week in a state of uproar without fully accepting what was happening. Whenever I see Christians, I develop a fear because one can never know if someone may be out there looking to take away the life from another. Silas and James were all preachers and suffered the same fate of stoning to death though in different states.
Character Similarities
It is quite impressive to note that such characters from the above scenario exist in my daily life. One of such person is the president of the United States. He usually comes up with good policies for the benefit of the people. The president is thus comparable to the likes of Paul or Timothy. Unfortunately, there are those people who want to be against anything good coming from the president.
My Experience
From my standpoint, this is an experience just like that from a book or a story. I am personally a victim of real projects being regarded as wrong ideas, and this usually comes from my detractors. A case in point is when I volunteered to pay transport expenses for my local pastor in the church. A senior member who was a car dealer refused my offer and came up with the plan for buying a car to the pastor. His advice won the argument and followed to the later, the congregants unaware that this member had an interest in profits from the sale of a vehicle to the pastor. Surely, this member raked in a huge sum since he was the one who sold the car to the priest.
Meaningful Lesson
It is critical to note that all those pagans who killed preachers also died due out of shocking reason. While they were still in Rome, lighting stroke from heaven and no one was spared. They all perished. The lesson here is that anything bad will be paid back in equal measure. One saying states that if you live by the gun, you die by the gun. However, I was surprised by the dream because I was not expecting Judas.
Ebola virus a threat to international security college admissions essay helpName:
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Ebola virus a threat to international security
Ebola virus is a disease that affect human beings and other primate animals. The symptoms are observed from the first three to twenty-one days. Ebola symptoms are sore throat, mild fever and headaches. Other symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea kidney and liver infection follow. The patient begins to bleed both internally and externally. The Ebola virus is acquired through contact through blood and body fluids of infected animals (Ziady, Laura, and N Small pg. 48).
The World Health Organization recognized Ebola as a deadly disease that was first discovered in the republic of Congo where two patients visited a hospital run by nuns. The first patient was diagnosed with malaria drug when the nurses tested and concluded the symptoms were similar to malaria. The second patient came with seriously bleeding nose and fever symptoms. This was when they tested the patient and found other rare symptoms compared to those of malaria.
The world health organization concluded Ebola as an international threat from the case of West Africa where 887 individuals died. This alarming rate prompted the World Bank to allocate 200m dollars for emergency assistance to contain the disease. The outbreak was considered as the worst outbreak of Ebola in history.
The Ebola virus is not only a health threat but also a national security threat. This is because there is interconnectivity, and we share global interests that optimize globalization. The existing borders of the country are only imaginative because there is swift movement of people and goods. This is marked in the third world republics like the sub-Saharan Africa where the borders are mostly unmanned. In advanced countries, the borders are tightly manned but because of globalization people can still interact thus spreading the disease. (Bellamy, Bleiker and Davies 145)
Ebola is considered as an international threat because of the easy movement of people in the interconnected world. For example, in Nigeria the first death incident was reported on July 2014. The victim was a passenger flying from Liberia and eventually died in Nigeria. Unfortunately, the doctor who treated the patient also was diagnosed with Ebola on august 2014.
This shows that the virus can easily spread through sick passengers travelling from some country to another. Ebola is mentioned as a possible terrorist intrusion and a biological attack on The United States of America. Some governments have considered this as terrorist opportunity to expand their terrorism actions. In 2013, the London school of economics cautioned of the disease being used as a terrorist weapon. The rise in the natural occurrences in Africa is backed with possibilities of terrorist groups using experts to create a virus and use it as a bioweapon.
ISIS is a terrorist group that has warned to engage in large mass murder. They consider Ebola killing as uninhibited killing of civilians. They aim to produce a more armament version of Ebola. ISIS group aims to capitalize on the biological weapons created in Syria. Another example was when a British expert issued warning of the clear danger of the use of biological weapons. He claimed that there is enough evidence that terrorists are using biological weapons to kill civilians swiftly.
The Ebola infection has no certified treatment. Scientists are trying to test several vaccines with the aim of achieving preventive and treatment medicine, but there is none recommended for clinical use. The sick patients need stern supportive care that involves rehydration with electrolytes solutions and intravenous liquids.
Works Cited
Bellamy, Alex J., et al. Security and the War on Terror. New York : Routledge, 2007.
Ziady, Laura, and N Small. Prevent and Control Infection: Application Made Easy. Cape Town: Juta, 2004. Print.
Risk management essay helpRisk management
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Risk management is the process of risk identification, risk analysis and alleviation of uncertainty through decision-making. Risk management happens the time an investor or manager analyzes and attempts to measure the chances of encountering losses in an investment and choose the appropriate measures to counter the risk. Lack of proper risk management can cause severe consequences to an organization or individuals. The process of risk management involve developing a risk management scope where meeting are held to define the range of the project.
Essay 1
Risk management has been extensively used by the homeland security to provide maximum protection, detection and mitigating the risk in the United States of America. Various steps have been implemented in the process that include:
Defining the content.
To conduct risk management, it is relevant to describe the context for the conclusion that the risk management work will support. For an advanced problem, an organization will assemble a team to assist in decision making through the risk process. The homeland security has defined goals and objectives that the organization ensures are aligned with the desired requirements. The goals are clearly defined and essential to classifying, assessing, and managing the areas that may hinder success. For example, the homeland security has identified terrorism as a risk in the American nation. This has helped them develop strategies like protecting the critical infrastructure from terrorist attacks.
Homeland security also define the method they would use to counter the risk. Defining the approach help to identify and conduct risk assessment. This assist in the process of selection and implementation of risk management methods. These elements assist decision makers design strategies that counter the risks.
Identifying potential risk
Homeland security considers an extensive range of risk and decision support. These considerations involves operational risks, strategic risks, and institutional risks. Identification of risk is be done from the knowledge of the subject of the decision. It is achieved from learning where the risk is going to affect and where the risk has emerged. This exercise defines the elements that are going to be affected and the impact they will cause. The approach provides a broad list of potential outcomes that are used to identify methods to tackle the risks.
The organization tries to identify risks beyond the common ones. Other than considering only the common risks, they consider newly developed ones. It is very useful to identify these risks even if they lack much information. These risks are highly unlikely to happen but their impact can be the same or more severe than the common risks. Homeland security has been able to neutralize these risks before they occur and imposed clear solution to counter them upon occurrence. Identification of unusual/rare risk is achieved by brainstorming.
Risk Assessment and analysis
The risk assessment and analysis is conducted purposefully to measure the identified threats and determine the output. Risk assessment and analysis consist different tasks: methodology, data collection, executing the methodology, data verification, and assessing the output.
The homeland security chooses the methodologies with proper care. For example, they determine the people and places that require tight security. In the agency, there are variety of methodologies that may be applied to some decisions. However, this agency is new and developing quickly so it needs unique methodologies. The organization tries to come up with new solutions from the previous used ones. This will enable them have unique and effective measures to counter possible threats.
Develop alternatives
Developing alternatives is another method used by homeland security to counter risks. Homeland security leaders have identified methods of managing different type of risk. The identification has been conducted with the motive of responding to issues, recovering from threats, mitigating threats and preventing threats. Alternatives provide decision makers with options to choose and manage risk actions. Developing alternatives includes identifying and evaluating available risk management alternatives.
Implementing risk management strategies
Homeland security has been able to implement strategies from the information collected. The crucial moment in the risk management process is when a decision maker select alternatives for managing risks. Decision makers need this information to make decisions on the methods to implement. Homeland security has chosen various methods like installing critical places with security checks, security cameras and providing maximum security to the leaders. The strategies have helped to prevent dangerous materials from getting access to these important places.
Evaluation and monitoring
Evaluation and monitoring phase involves evaluation and checking of performance to decide whether risk management option achieve their goals. The method identifies whether the risk management strategies are working towards the control of the risks. Evaluation and monitoring involves performance measurements where homeland security has tested and proved that the methods work efficiently. The results have proven that the methods have been able to curb terrorist activities and malicious person from performing their activities. It has proved that the strategies track and report the performance of the mechanisms in place.
Risk communication
Homeland security risk is affected by various opinions and uncertainties. They communicate various decisions made to various stakeholders and customers. The risk communication is categorized between the internal and external audiences. The internal communications involve the analysts and decision makers. Maintaining the communications process ensures the key principles are met.
Essay 2
Homeland security is a word referring to the national effort of preventing, reducing the vulnerability, and minimize the damages of terrorist attacks in the United States of America. This agency was formed after the September 11 attack.
Homeland defense is the organization responsible for the protecting United States of Americas territory, population and infrastructure against threats. Homeland defense constitute of the U.S. military force that includes four military commands namely: the Northern Command, the North American Aerospace Defense Command, U.S. Pacific Command and the Southern Command.
Homeland security missions and goals Homeland defense mission and goals
1. Prevent terrorism and enhancement of security.
2. Securing and management of borders.
3. Enforcing and administering immigration laws.
4. Safeguarding and securing cyberspace.
5. Ensuring resilience to disaster.
6. Interagency relationships. 1. Protection of the U.S. authority.
2. Controlling domestic population.
3. Critical defense infrastructure against external threats or other threats.
4. Protecting the citizens against any kind of harm.
The homeland security has identified the major risks involving security matters in the United States of America. The agency is also involved in providing cyber security, infrastructure protection and security technologies. This has been achieved through conducting investigation and identifying potential risks. The department for homeland security provides training and informational material that create public awareness and assistance to terror victims. They provide casualty assistance and conduct investigations. They establish partnership with other organization, outreach, and internet resources that help combat terror crimes.
The agency controls immigration and law enforcement in the United States. They investigate cases that pertain human trafficking and supports the victims. They accomplish this mission by making use of authorities and expertise in the field. They strip away the human trafficker’s assets and offer incentives in collaborating with the U.S. and foreign collaborates worldwide to identify, rescue and assist victims. They curb protects human trafficking victims and other crimes victims by offering immigration liberation. The two types of relief that the organization provides are T Nonimmigrant and U Non-migrant status.
The homeland defense department offers training on law enforcement. They offers career training to professionals on how to identify signs of human trafficking, the immigration possibilities available for possible trafficking of victims and lessons on how to investigate human trafficking. They developed a web program that educates officers on how to identify human trafficking encounters, methods of protecting the victims, and how to start their investigations.
The homeland security mission is to ensure that terrorist attack prevention is a key priority to the organization. They aim to create a secure and resilient nation that is free from terrorism. The homeland security are implementing various measures that includes understanding the threat, disrupting terrorist operations, protecting the potential target areas, and engaging the community. Citizens are key partners and need to contribute to counter terrorism. Homeland security have provided mechanisms for recognizing and reporting suspicious events.
Terrorists are unable to get chemicals compounds, biological elements, radiological and nuclear materials within the America. These materials have potential to cause disastrous consequences. The homeland security is ensuring that such materials are detected before they reach their destinations. These materials have helped homeland security to identify dangerous actors, new forms of terrorist technology and new materials. The homeland security also have control to the CBRN. This is to ensure that these materials are only used for constructive purpose only.
The homeland security are managing the risks involving key sectors like infrastructure, leaders and events. This helps to reduce the vulnerability of an attack and other disruptions. Americans lives depend on effective functioning of the state’s critical resources, and the protection of important leaders and events. The security firm has ensured that they are able to protect the key infrastructures and key events. Considerable measures have been taken to identify and understand emerging risks. They have helped provide the relevant information needed in identifying and countering risks.
Essay 3
The outcome of the World Trade Center attack shows the susceptibility of America’s infrastructure to terrorist attacks and penalties of not protecting it. Terrorists were able to utilize this weakness and caused a major tragedy in the U.S. today, the government recognize the responsibility of guarding critical infrastructure from these attacks. Homeland security takes the responsibility to practice these efforts.
Nations ensure that critical infrastructures and the key assets are provided with the maximum security needed to protect their worth. These key sectors include public health, economic strength, and the way of life. Attacks on these sectors could disrupt the government functioning. Terrorist attacks could cause major loses in terms of human fatalities, properties destructions, economic effects and damage to public confidence.
The objective of the National Infrastructure Protection Strategy is to build a harmless, secure, and strong Nation by preventing and neutralizing the effects of terrorists’ efforts to destroy the key elements of the Infrastructure. The N.I.P.P framework supports the prioritizing of protection and resiliency of the government and private sectors in alleviating risk by reducing vulnerability, countering dangers, and reducing the magnitudes of terrorist assaults and other disasters.
U.S. Critical infrastructure are assets that are very important to the government that destruction may cause a great impact to the nation. The nation has been able to establish strategies that will help protect these critical infrastructures. The increased threats require trust and collaboration among the private and public stakeholders to combat these threats.
Private industries operates a large number of the critical infrastructures. These resources require planning and better protective measures of the federal government. The government with the help of communities and different institutions has ensured that the areas are well protected. The government has ensured that protection of these infrastructures is the first priority. The federal government has issued standards to ensure the coordination of these measures.
Essay 4
The main task of the homeland security is to stop terrorism in the United States of America. This department was established after the September 11 attack that saw many innocent lives taken. Homeland security is recognized by the act as “a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that occur.”
Eleven days after the attack national security department formed to protect the country against terrorist attacks and to react to future attacks. The DHS security act passed where policies were enacted that aim to prevent illegal goods from entering the United States boundaries. America’s territories must also be protected from illegal immigrants and terrorists. The border protection involves preventing contrabands and nuclear devices. This is achieved by the thorough inspection and prevention measures that the homeland security puts at the points of entry.
The homeland security established re-organization in the U.S. government after the September 11 attack. The agency has been funded abunduntly with analysis indicating that stating that $67billion had been used by 2011. This has risen from $16 from the year 2001. Practitioners saw that homeland security would work effectively if it were merged with both state and federal agencies. DHS has worked to get the information and resources to the government and other law agencies. The policy makers aim to improve the communication and information sharing. They aim to strengthen analytical capabilities to realize better consciousness of the new threats. The policy makers refer to the agency as the as the country’s eye on the ground. They are the first line to detect and prevent such activities with the aim of ensuring safety in every American community.
Communication among the local agencies and the state is the element of the homeland security. The September 11 attack caused the policy makers to build a trusted partnership between the federal state and the local agencies. Communication is enhanced through information sharing system through which different organizations provide officials with security alerts, and updates. The September 11 attack motivated public attention on the need for better information sharing between intelligence and other responsible agencies. The homeland security determined lack of information sharing was the key problem on the attack.
Social welfare in Europe best college essay helpName
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Social welfare in Europe
Social welfare generally refers to a common state of well-being of a particular society, usually a particular time. While social welfare has been confused with the general standard of living for a group a people in the society, it actually involves the overall quality of life because of the quality of the environment and its components. Environmental components such as the quality of soil, air as well as water determine the quality of peoples’ health in relation to disease prevalence. In addition, the level of crime, drug abuse, and spirituality and the availability and provision of basic and essential social services also determine the social welfare of a society.
The current social welfare status in Europe is epitomized by a plethora of factors that point to a signs of inequality in the distribution of national resources. For example, France is a typical member state, whose public education service manifests inequality. It is evident that the quality of education offered in the public schools ranks lower than the private sectors. Richer parents therefore have, and explore further options, while children from poor families remain disadvantaged, when forced to cope with the less challenging education set up in public schools.
More particularly, the ongoing euro crisis in Europe is a major pointer to the dilapidating social welfare, especially when the consequences of such crisis is analyzed from an economic point of view. There would be a wider gap between the poor and the rich, with no redistribution of welfare resources to cater for the needs of all people. The European member states therefore have a duty to reconsider and restructure their strategies to enhancing equitable education, and improve employment rates and status of its citizens.
Work cited
Pascual, A. S., & Magnusson, L. (Eds.). (2007). Reshaping welfare states and activation regimes in Europe (Vol. 54). Peter Lang.
Simulated News Conference Paper writing essay help
Simulated News Conference Paper
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Institution
Course
Date
Simulated News Conference Paper
Leadership Studies
Introduction and description of the crisis including the stage of the crisis that the press conference is taking place
There was a huge crisis-situation at my work place that attracted a nationwide attention due to its humongous effect on the customers. I work in a bank that has branches in all the corners of the country and it has a huge customer base. The bank happens to be the biggest bank in the country in terms of its customer base, capital base as well as in its branch networks. The bank has also earned numerous awards among them being the best bank in country for its exemplary customer service standards. The bank has continuously won this prestigious award since 2006 when the bank was established. It is for these noble reasons that the bank has been able to attract many customers and thus making it the biggest bank in terms of the customer base.
However, two months ago, the bank was installing a new bank software program that is reputable worldwide for its excellent performance. The bank was installing this software program so that it could handle all the bank transactions that were initially overwhelming the previous software program. Unfortunately, things did not go as planned since even after having notified the banks’ esteemed customers that their transactions would be affected by this transition. The bank had been advised by the software installation engineers that it would take close to twelve hours to install and operationalize the software program.
An advance notice had be issued in the public media so that the bank’s customers could be aware about the inconveniences that would be caused. The twelve hours that the banks’ management had been given by the software installation engineers expired and efforts to transit to the new software program proved futile. This caused a major crisis-situation for the banks’ customers and this led to a nationwide protest that attracted the media. The crisis-situation led to the customers not being able to transact their usual businesses such as withdrawing money, depositing money, paying their bills, and payment for overseas transactions. The bank had attracted many businesspeople and this crisis-situation could cripple the country’s economy since a lot of them could not do their transactions. The government was also one of the banks’ major client and it was not able to conduct its businesses as usual since majority of its money were being held by the bank.
This press conference is taking place at a very sensitive moment whereby people around the country are currently holding protests and demonstrations for the entire bank to be closed down and the government is not able to conduct its businesses as required. The country’s economy is nearly on its knees since this crisis-situation has affected all the major sectors of the economy including the government. The country’s’ media is awash with news about this crisis and the software providers have adamantly refused to own up and issue a statement that they are wholly responsible for this crisis-situation. This is the major reason that the management of the bank has agreed to hold a press conference so that it can inform the entire country and its esteemed customers on the present status regarding this crisis-situation.
Description of how I will handle a press conference, including what types of media will attend, who will manage the start and finish of the conference, and who will be the designated spoke-person
The press conference will be handled in a professional manner whereby all the media houses including the print, television, and radio stations will be invited to attend it so that the bank can be able to inform the public on what is really happening. The press conference will be held at the bank’s boardroom since it is spacious and it has conference facilities that can accommodate all the country’s media houses. International media houses will also be invited since this crisis-situation has also attracted an international attention. The bank was to launch an expansion program that would have seen it open other branches in the neighboring countries. It is therefore integral to invite the international media to the press conference.
The public relations department will be in-charge of drafting the press statement in consultation with the General Manager’s office since the general manager himself will sign it. The invited media houses will be requested to send their questions in advance so that the spoke-person can be ready and aware of the nature of questions that will asked. The public relations manager will both manage the start and the finish of the conference. The designated spoke-person will be the General Manager of the bank since he is the face of the bank. The general manager of the bank is a renowned personality and he will therefore be able to reassure the banks’ customers that the crisis-situation is under control. The spoke-person will be act as the bank’s ambassador and he will be able to answer all the relevant questions to be asked as well as expound exclusively on the crisis-situation.
A draft statement that the spoke-person will present
Below is a statement draft that the spoke-person will present:
Our esteemed and distinguished customers. Allow me to send my sincere apologies to all of you for the inconveniences caused since last week on Wednesday. The bank had notified you that it was to install a new software, which would have enabled us to continue serving you better. However, despite the promise and reassurance that we had been given by the software installation engineers that the whole process would have lasted for twelve hours, the situation still persist. Let me assure you that all efforts are being directed towards ensuring that this crisis-situation does not continue any further. The banks’ Information and technology department is working round the clock to ensure that the system is restored back to normal.
The bank has also hired external expertise from one of the best software engineers in the world to assist in ensuring that the crisis-situation does not persist. As a bank, we understand that the country’s economy is being affected by the situation and the bank will ensure that it compensates all the affected people and parties. We highly apologize and regret that the crisis-situation continues. I can confirm to you that this crisis-situation will not last for another 24 hours. I take the opportunity that I will personally ensure that this deadline is achieved. I will personally supervise this operation and I promise that all the operations of the bank will resume within the stipulated 24 hours. We highly apologize and as a bank, I wish to assure you that we will continue serving you better than before. Kindly accept my sincere apologies. Thank you very much.
Three trick draft questions that the reporters may potentially ask in this particular situation, and the answers to these trick questions
Three trick questions that the reporters may potentially ask in this particular situation are:
1) Where has the duration to restore the bank software system taken this long?
2) What measures are the management of the bank undertaking to ensure that the system are restored in the next 24 hours?
3) What were the main reasons for installing another new bank software system yet the previous software system was working effectively and efficiently?
In response to the first question, the management of the bank had been assured by the software installation engineers that the whole process was to last not more than 12 hours. The software engineers have vast experience and are reputable in the information and technology sector, our only option was to trust their words. Unfortunately, this did not take place and the explanation were have received from them is that, there was a technical issue with the encoding of the entire program. Therefore, the entire program had to be done afresh by the programmers and this is the major reason it has taken this long. The software program that was to be installed by the bank was ideally tailor-made in accordance to our own specifications and it was only recommendable to redo it again. The good news is that this has already been done and within the next 24 hours, the new software program should be up and running. It is worth noting that despite this crisis-situation, the new software program will indeed revolutionized the entire banks’ transactions which will ensure that our customer have a ‘Wow experience’.
In response to the second question, I have already stated that I am personally going to follow up the remaining process to ensure that the 24 hours timeline is achieved. Prior to the press conference, I had to consult with various experts within the bank software industry and I have been assured that it will be achievable. I therefore reassure all the customers’ of the bank that all the operations will have resumed within the next 24 hours.
In response to the third question, the main reasons why the bank was to install another bank software system include the paramount requirement of offering exemplary customer service experience to our esteemed customers. The previous bank system was also being overwhelmed by the numerous transactions that it was handling on a daily basis. The bank was also planning to expand regionally and the new software-banking program will handle such humongous transactions on a real-time basis. The new software program will be more customer-friendly and it will handle numerous transactions as compared to the previous software program.
Using the cloud computing on public sector college essay help online
Using the cloud computing on public sector
Students’ name
Professors’ name
Institution affiliation
Course title
Table of Contents
Executive Summary. 3
Introduction. 5
Case Study: Large Av Manufacturer (LAM) 6
Benefits of Cloud Computing. 8
Challenges of Cloud Computing. 11
Conclusion. 12
Executive Summary
According to Alvarez, James & Jessica (2012), Cloud computing provides IT infrastructure services and software whenever required through the network, hence, offering attractive benefits to the public sector. For instance, it can minimize ICT costs by virtualization of capital assets such as disk storage and processing cycles into a reasonably priced operating expenditure. Some public sector agencies have shown early interest into cloud computing. For instance, in Washington, D.C., nearly the public employees have unrestricted access to Google documents and services like Gmail. Recently, the United States general services administration declared shifting the government’s wide portal to the cloud and issued a request for cloud infrastructure services. The Japan government shares a similar plan of transferring all the public sectors into cloud computing by 2015. The most important cloud computing benefit that the public sectors acquire is the sharing of the ICT resources among the numerous organizations. The effort by various governments to build frameworks meant to ascertain the success of the shared services encounters numerous challenges. Cloud computing provides a simple less troublesome route to an effective management of public sector data. This is especially true for third world countries that lack the technology, skilled employees, or resources to build classic ICT infrastructures (Sorofman, 2013). Of course, cloud computing comes with challenges:
Service providers providing private services pose a threat to security risks.
There is the likelihood of vendor lock-in because of open standards and interoperability
Data security is a major concern when adopting cloud computing
Business stability becomes a continuing concern.
However, cloud computing, may also minimize the risk, as cloud dealers can use strong and well-maintained computing mechanism that offers high redundancy and are likely to last. There are several crucial steps that public sectors should take in adopting cloud computing.
Recognize all the opportunities for shifting from the existing computing services to cloud computing
Guarantee that private infrastructure set off cloud-based computing services
Virtualization is a key constituent of a well-matched infrastructure
Create a cost/benefit and risk evaluation mechanism to endorse decisions on how to adopt cloud-computing services (Brodkin, 2011).
Create a plan for computing the existing ICT atmosphere for adoption of public and/or private cloud computing services
Recognize which data is risky to handle under the cloud computing services.
Recognize and secure private competencies required in managing efficient adoption of cloud computing services
Create a cross-functional team to examine cloud computing services, providers, and standards, and evaluate their effect on the plan.
Introduction
Gens (2008), defines Cloud computing as a computing model use by IT experts to manage public organization. Cloud computing in numerous aspects resembles a utility that users can use to access IT resources at any time and from numerous locations, and enhance their IT capacity as required. By adopting this flexibility, cloud computing enhances IT efficiency and makes IT organizations more responsive. In the public sector, cloud computing will permit agencies to invest freed-up resources in mission-critical activities and become more receptive to new laws and regulations and to citizens’ growing needs (Alvarez, James & Jessica, 2012).
Governments across the global world have identified the potential for cloud computing to change the way they invest in, set out, and access IT infrastructures. Major organizations are currently providing cloud-computing services. Major players today include Google, Amazon and Salesforce.com. Major ICT dealers such as IBM, Microsoft, and Cisco have cloud-computing approaches, products and services, and other smaller organizations are accessing the market. Most organizations around the ICT industry are apparently expecting cloud computing will eventually become a leading model of enterprise computing. Cloud computing is a current stage in the ICT advancement of the last several years. Most of the advances in ICT service delivery occur because of networking innovations (Jadhwani, 2009).
Governments, education and healthcare agencies are adopting clouds as a way to expand their operational effectiveness and development while as well maximizing investments and reducing costs. Cloud computing provides these public sector utilities the opportunity to increase its agile and innovative by combining, virtualizing, and computerizing their ICT infrastructures. The push by the IT organizations, together with the benefits that cloud-computing promises to offer makes one believe that cloud computing will be used extensively in the near future. Equally, it is clear that the distinctive characteristics of public sector information management imply that governments need to assess whether, where, how, and when to adopt cloud computing. This paper intends to support a cloud computing process. It offers a high-level impression of cloud computing, highlights some of the key benefits it could provide to government, evaluates some of the most significant challenges cloud computing may masquerade to the government, and recommends some early steps necessary during the adoption process (Kisker, 2012).
Case Study: Large Av Manufacturer (LAM)
Large AV Manufacturer (LAM) is a reputable global producer and marketer of both the audio and visual equipment. It is recognized for innovation and is diversifying its operations into other business fields LAM operates lean technology businesses with about 100 IT staffs for each 10,000 employees (Armbrust, 2010). Furthermore, it has managed to standardize its business operations on SAP and PeopleSoft. It uses Microsoft applications including the Office, Exchange, SharePoint and Link. Furthermore, it has integrated its operations with a third party for co-locating its information center. Its customer service base is large with numerous customer service personnel. Although the company has standardized its operations on the Commercial off The Shelf (COTS) packages, every department must meet its objective through the custom packages. The organization has over 100 applications (Kisker, 2012).
The driving factors for LAM are R&D and effective marketing strategies for its products. Technology plays a prime role as an effective enabler of LAM’s business activities. The IT agency at LAM plays a central role and has the primary duty for making decisions, implementing and maintaining technology solutions, which facilitate business. Business relies on the IT department for technology requirements.
The Centralized IT department at LAM has pushed for consistency in technology settings and standards. Therefore, LAM has standardized its SAP and PeopleSoft as its central business solutions and Microsoft for efficiency and CRM solutions. The standardized solutions are also applicable in its contract centres. Although the standards are acceptable without any much hindrance, business is at liberty to go past the IT organization to accomplish organizational objectives (Sorofman, 2013).
LAM started evaluating the need of adopting cloud computing before it became a catchphrase. In 2010, LAM analyzed the various aspects of cloud and steadily tilted itself towards cloud without explicit authorization to adopt cloud. Consequently, LAM lacks specific objectives linked to cloud. Therefore, LAM considered cloud as a philosophy instead of a strategy because it has integrated cloud option within its technology adoption process and analyses the options as an auxiliary in the decision-making process. The evaluation conditions serve as the drives for the programs that eventually become cloud programs. The adoption of cloud as a Philosophy was a decision arrived at by both the IT organization and the business (Mattoon, Bob & James, 2011).
LAM uses various Microsoft solutions such as Office, Exchange, and Link. Initially, various departments of the organization used diverse version of the Microsoft solutions, which caused interoperability and productivity issues. LAM implemented a program to enhance the solutions and arrived at a decision to either continue using the On-Premise Microsoft solutions or adopt the cloud-based services offered by Microsoft. It analyzed the various alternatives and opted to adopt the cloud-based services that Microsoft offers (Sorofman, 2013).
LAM implemented the service in 2011 and launched it in 2012. Since the service was beneficial to its employees, LAM performed a pilot phase with nearly 150 employees interviewed from the various departments within the organization. After conducting a successful pilot study, LAM settled on adopting cloud-computing services. Among the benefits, LAM acquired from adopting cloud services are the standardization of Microsoft solutions across LAM and a transition process for users. LAM’s IT department considers cloud-based services as the drive for the standardization process. LAM has some personnel that help deal with Microsoft solutions issues and actively encourage community-based support for the solutions.
LAM is also implementing a program that will help upgrade its Human Capital Management solution to use cloud-computing services. However, after evaluating the storage capacity in the cloud, LAM realized that a cloud had a limited storage space, which could not meet the desired needs. LAM has integrated cloud as an alternative in its decision-making process. If cloud solutions prove effective in managing the IT Organization, LAM will go ahead adopt it, and it becomes a public cloud solution (Mattoon, Bob & James, 2011).
Benefits of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing can intensely transform the way organizations access and utilize ICT products and services. Rather than possessing and managing ICT products and services, organizations using cloud-computing services can accomplish ICT demands with flexible, on-demand, and swiftly scalable model managed by other organizations. The user and the service provider benefit from the extensive economies of scale and scope under such an understanding. Many organizations are using cloud-computing services as the current and future strategy in public sector management. While there is a likelihood of businesses adopting cloud computing more swiftly than the public sector, there exist some remarkable early indicators taking place in government. For instance, in Australia, particular the education department in New South Wales opted to use Gmail for its over 1.5 million students. In Washington D.C., nearly all the public employees have unrestricted access to Google services and Gmail (Smith, 2012). Other benefits include:
Saving costs
Organizations are likely to trim down or reduce ICT capital expenses and lessen continuing operating expenses by paying for only the costs incurred and, potentially, by decreasing or redeployment of their ICT personnel.
Simplicity in implementation
It becomes possible to use cloud computing without necessarily acquiring the hardware, software licenses, or implementation services (Mattoon, Bob & James, 2011).
Flexibility
Cloud computing gives adequate flexibility, usually referred as elasticity that assist in comparing ICT resources against business functions than the earlier computing methods. There is also the possibility of leveraging staff mobility by allowing accessibility of business information and applications from different locations and/or devices.
Scalability
Agencies adopting cloud computing should not struggle to safeguard the hardware and software as the network load increases, but can rather increase or decrease the potential as the network orders.
Accessibility to high IT potentials
Especially for smaller organizations, cloud computing can permit accessibility to higher-caliber hardware, software, together with ICT employees
Relocation of I.T Staff
An organization can divert its attention on the high potential tasks carried out by Staffs when it has few server updates to handle and other computing tasks. Moreover, by decreasing expenses incurred in the application, organizations can invest the available time and money in concentrating on high valuable ICT staffs.
Focusing on major strengths
Arguably, the potential to manage data agencies, create, and handle software applications in unnecessarily a key strength for most IT organizations. With the adoption of Cloud computing, it becomes simpler to decrease or get rid of these functions, allowing organizations to focus on crucial matters for instance, the government can develop policies, create, and provide public services (Smith, 2012).
Sustainability
The inadequate energy effectiveness in various data centers, because of poor design or ineffective asset exploitation, is environmentally and economically untenable. It is essential to realize that the economies of scale of such benefits, the capability to embrace them, and the cost/benefits ratio attained rely on numerous factors and vary considerably. These entail the position of the organization with its ICT capital expenses and systems growth sequence, its existing hardware and software structural design and its personnel and management potentials. In the public sector, understanding the legal and policy conditions is particularly significant. The model chosen for cloud computing services will also determine the likelihood of realizing these benefits (Jadhwani, 2009).
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Most of the challenges hindering successful development of cloud computing services for the public sector are linked to its inventiveness and the underdevelopment of the market to embrace the cloud computing services. For the public sector, the technical and cost factors are the determining factors on whether to adopt cloud computing. Information is what propels the government, and decisions on how to manage such information can trigger other considerations such as the political, social, and economic factors. Adoption of cloud computing comes with numerous similar risks and challenges faced when using the outsourcing services (Rouse, 2013).
One aspect of the challenges relates to open standards and interoperability. Most governments have invested in the expansion of business architectures and interoperability mechanisms. These assist in minimizing the risk of private government agencies creating ICT systems that hinder replication of ICT assets. Most governments utilize ICT systems that adhere to the open industry policies to minimize the operation cost likely to occur when working with poor systems. Another aspect cloud computing challenges faced by the public sector relates to sovereignty. Organizations must show special interest in using cloud-computing service to safeguard data that is pertinent to national security, to preserving public trust and assurance in government. Governments require some assurance of a secured sovereignty regardless of whoever provides the cloud services (Jadhwani, 2009).
Another significant concern is the data security in cloud computing environments. Public sector managers must be certain that the form of security surrounding the cloud services adheres to the laws, regulations, and procedures. Although numerous suggestions indicate that cloud environments are more secure compared with other ICT systems, the key concern comes about because of multiple users. The government may lack confidence with some of the users and may feel reluctant sharing its computing services (Babcock, 2012).
Data privacy is a key concern. Similar to security concerns, the public sector is uncertain about the privacy of its data when placed into a cloud-computing environment. Since the public sector will have minimal control over its private data held by cloud computing, public managers must be certain about the privacy of the shared information.
Governance and management of cloud computing is another challenge the public sector faces. Equally, public managers must have the assurance that cloud-computing services adhere to the legal and policy conditions. Another key challenge is the assurance of business continuity. The public sector must understand the business continuity risks linked with cloud computing and have the assurance of remedies to mitigate those risks. Some of the remedial actions may include the creation of strong and manageable computing frameworks that what most organizations can offer (Rouse, 2013).
Conclusion
Public managers should show the same interest in the adoption of cloud computing as for any other computing architecture. There is a need to evaluate cloud-computing services for the potential to facilitate public organizations to perform t business operations efficiently and effectively. As the cloud services continue to gain momentum in the public sector, they will provide considerable flexibility, consistency, and cost-effectiveness benefits, despite the numerous hurdles. It is significant for public managers to understand how cloud computing is developing, and its adoption trends (Babcock, 2012).
References
Albinus, P (2013). State Street Aims for the Cloud. http://www.advancedtrading.com/infrastructure/state-street-aims-for-the-cloud/229502423
Alvarez, V., James, S & Jessica, M. (2012). Assess Your Cloud Maturity. Cambridge: Forrester Research
Armbrust, M. (2010). A View of Cloud Computing.” Practice
Babcock, C (2012). State Street Private Cloud: $600 Million Savings Goal. <http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/platform/state-street-private-cloud-600-million-s/240002596>.
Baker, J (2012). The Technology–Organization–Environment Framework. Dwivedi, Y K. Information Systems Theory: Explaining and Predicting Our Digital Society. Springer Science Business Media
Brodkin, J. (2011). State Street Modernizing with Cloud, Linux Technologies. http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/041411-state-street-cloud.html
CDAC. (n.d). Cloud Computing at CDAC. http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=cloud_ci_cloud_computing
CXO today News Desk. (2012) Government of India Keen on Cloud Computing. http://www.cxotoday.com/story/government-of-india-keen-on-cloud-computing/
Fleischer, M., Alok, K. C., & Louis, G. T. (1990). The Processes of Technological Innovation. Lexington Books
Gens, F. (2008).Defining “Cloud Services” and “Cloud Computing”. http://blogs.idc.com/ie/?p=190
Intelligence Community Information Technology Enterprise (IC ITE) Task Force. (2013).”IC ITE Doing in Common What is Commonly Done.
Jadhwani, P. (2009). Cloud Computing Building a Framework for Successful Transition. White Paper. Herndon: UNICOM Government
Kisker, H. (2012). The Changing Cloud Agenda – Cloud Computing Shifts From Cost To Innovation. Cambridge: Forrester Research
KPMG. (2012). “Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Government’s Adoption of Cloud.”
Mattoon, S., Bob, H, & James, B. (2011). Cloud Computing Maturity Model – Guiding Success with Cloud Capabilities. White Paper. Redwood Shores: Oracle
Rouse, M. (2013). Virtual Desktop. http://searchvirtualdesktop.techtarget.com/definition/virtual-desktop
Smith, D. M. (2012). Hype Cycle for Cloud Computing 2012. Hype Cycle. Stamford: Gartner
Smith, R (2013). Cloud Maturity Models Don’t Make Sense. http://www.informationweek.com/software/business-intelligence/cloud-maturity-models-dont-make-sense/229208663.
Sorofman, J. (2013). The Cloud Computing Adoption Model. http://www.drdobbs.com/web-development/the-cloud-computing-adoption-model/211201818.
The Defense Science Board. (2013).Cyber Security and Reliability in a Digital Cloud. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics
Law enforcement, courts, correction
Name
Institution
Course
Date
Law Enforcement
Riding with the superintendent proved critical in strengthening my understanding of the obligation of a new officer in ensuring compliance with the law. In attempting to affirm my fears that the job is challenging, I indulged the officer in an interview. The intention was to relate the theoretical aspects of the discipline with the practical obligation of a police officer. During the interview with the officer in his car, I asked questions aimed at scrutinizing the system while acknowledging very well that officers abide by certain principles in carrying out their mandate. In turn, questioning the superintendent proved critical since I learned the intricacies of law enforcement, as well as the role of an officer in facilitating administration in the society. I customized the questions in order to encourage the respondent provide information relating to criminal justice in a broader perspective. I selected the city superintendent because I believed the superintendents understood the area of specialization very well.
I began the process by seeking clarification to the definition of legal terms such as law enforcement and justice. From the finding, the superintendent affirmed that law enforcement is a formal approach to dealing with cases of violation of the law (Dalzell & Kennedy, 2014, p. 6). While proceeding with questioning the superintendent, he provided responses suggesting that the coordination of the efforts of other officers in maintaining peace and stability is the responsibility of a police superintendent. Using the interviewee remarks, the interview concluded that the profession was challenging.
While referring to the questionnaire, I made inquiries about issues related to the enforcement system in the country. I also inquired about the role of the officer in solving domestic disputes. In responding to the questions, the officer referred to the constitution in justifying his remarks on several instances. He also reiterated the need to use force in dealing with dangerous criminals (Dalzell & Kennedy, 2014, p. 21). His understanding was that the safety of the society is paramount hence the needs to deal with violent criminals with force. On proceeding with the questions while seated with the officer in his car, the interviewer evoked the emotion of the officer who was to become his boss by referring to him as the society’s watchdog. For the most part of the process, the conversation was fruitful. On rare occasions, did we disagree or had squabbles despite acknowledging the use of force by the officers. The interview progressed as planned and by the end both parties learned the processes people follow in making decision.
Additional information obtained from the process is that the work of an officer is not restricted to restraining criminal, but devising ways for eradicating increase in cases of crime. The superintendent affirmed the statement by stating that it is the duty for all to assist in fighting crime in the society. He is opposed to the ideology that officers should steer the process. He believed that corporation in the society is necessary for curbing crime since the law serves all. Another insightful information mentioned by the superintendent is that joblessness contributes to increase in cases of crime (Jurkanin & Hillard, 2005, p. 4). Aside from encouraging teenagers to adopt practices that improve their wellbeing, the officer encouraged consensus in solving societal problems.
The expectation one gains after watching the series Suits rings true from the discussion since the superintendent mentioned the procedure of enforcing the law beginning with the identification of a case of violation of the law. He also identified the differences in nature of crime and the differences in laws barring criminal acts. According to the officer, the police force is a recognized agency worldwide and, as such, the survival of the State is dependent on the efficiency of the agency in maintaining order in the society. Another interesting thing is that the force is restricted to some extent in dealing with cases of different nature, but the officer was shockingly opposed to the idea.
Court case
Upon attending the proceeding of a case in which a banker was facing conviction for committing a crime, I learned that courts are important in ensuring fairness in societies. From the observations on the proceeding of the court case, both parties were anxious to hear the verdict of the judge. As a witness, I analyzed the turn of events during the process before presenting views on the subject as well as the role of the court in ensuring justice to the masses. In a fully packed courtroom in at around 11 o’clock, a suspect is brought before the court for fleecing a client cash in the month before. According to the evidence presented to the judge, the plaintiff who was a client of the bank where the suspect withdrew money from the bank without the victims consent. On seeking audience of the manager, the leadership compensated the client and left the matter unaddressed. On noticing the laxity of the administration in punishing the criminal, the victim took it upon himself to file the case in a court without the knowledge of the manager. The complainant decision was based on the premise that reporting the offence will deter banking staff from engaging in similar offence in the future. The assumption was that addressing a crime helps deter crime.
From the turn of events in a fully occupied courthouse, the witnessed learned many things about the mode of operation of the judiciary in his country. The witness inferred that the brevity of the victim was commendable because dealing with the case outside the case would have thwarted the fight against white-collar crime. Filing the case in a district court was necessary because such act fall under the jurisdiction of federal court (Dyck, Morse & Zingales, 2010, p. 7). In the United States, the Supreme Court handles cases different from the on presented by the complaint. Therefore, it was unnecessary filing the court in the Supreme Court, but there is the possibility of the case reaching the appellate court. Had the hearing taken place before, referring the crime to the appellate court would have been appropriate. Outside the courts, an arbiter could have helped the two address the issue as argued out by the prosecutor. However, consensus is mandatory in ensuring success in the process.
Within the trial court, the judge read the complaint with the accused having the opportunity to respond to the comments. On the other hand, the lawyer serving the accused defended the persons of the crime by alleging that the plaintiff lacked enough evidence to support his case. The statement of the prosecutor led to confrontations that lasted for about ten minutes, after which both sides aired their grievances. Subsequently, the judge consulted with the jury widely before sentencing the victim for three years for the offences. The consultation with both the parties during the adjournment session justified the jury’s verdict. At the end, people left the court ruling discussing the matter with many satisfied with the ruling. The lawyer of the accused, on the other hand, felt aggrieved. As a result, he encouraged his client to seek parole in a higher court of which the victim ignored due to guilt. The decision implies that the judicial system in the United States is somewhat fair (Davis, 2011). Furthermore, courts rely on facts in passing judgment hence lack of it means withdrawal of the case.
Attending the session was insightful because one learns about the functioning of the court system in the United States. In addition to exploring criminal justice in detail, attending court sessions gives one an insight into the intricacies of dealing with legal issues. The objective of the court in passing judgment also manifests through the proceedings. According to the judge, a ruling has to follow clear guidelines in order for the sentencing to befit all. Failing to comply with the guidelines¸ befits the goal of the institution in steering the process. Secondly, the public play a critical role in ensuring efficiency in the operations of the institution.
Movie relating to the topic: Shawshank Redemption
The movie Shawshank Redemption presents an overview of the life of criminal inside a correctional facility. It begins with the correctional officer communicating to the two convicts about life in prison. In their own words, correctional facilities help people learn behaviors that promote peaceful coexistence in society. The sentiments explain why some refer to the institution as prison, but the two consider the place their second home. As depicted in the movie, people end up in the facility due to many reasons, among them a violation of the law (Edwards, 2012). There are also cases of rise in temper contributing to the violation of the law as it was with the Andy Dufresne who reported hitting committing murder out of anger. Given the circumstances in which the person committed the offence, lack of self-control is contributing to decay in the moral in the society.
Officers in charge of the facility monitor the progress of the clients with the objective of strengthening the moral fabric that hold the society together. Although the institution serves as the center of teaching morality in the society, two villains continue with the heinous acts within the facility. Prior to allowing the convicts to seek parole, the officers in charge of the facility established the motive behind criminal acts. The step that followed was the scrutiny of the behavior of the murderers. Nevertheless, the victims united in undertaking daily chores such as cleaning and observing personal hygiene (Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht & Zimbelman, 2011, p. 3). Learning also formed part of the program. Throughout the process, the occupants learned about the dangers of engaging in crime as well as the significance of obeying the law in the society. Aside from the lessons, the inclusion of people from diverse backgrounds at the facility was commendable in the movie since it espouses the challenges that all face in life.
Out of the measures in place to ensure coordination in communication in the prison, the principal duty of the police unit is enforcing amendment enacted into law. Unlike in the past, crime is becoming so complicated due to the growth in the number of gangs, and as such, police ought to brace themselves with the new strategies in dealing with murder suspects. It is also important to sensitize people on the need to uphold moral values since order is achievable only where there is respect in the society (Glaze & Parks, 2011. P. 32). Even though the movie is educative, sections of people have criticized the producer for failing to conceal the identities of the persons in the facilities. The opposition is due to the notion that tormenting the offender hardens the individual instead of motivating the person to change. The law also requires film producers to follow certain guidelines in composition movies. In particular, film producers ought to consult legal practitioners prior to releasing such movies in the market. As discussed, consultation is necessary because it helps avert cases of violation of the law.
References
Albrecht, W., Albrecht, C., Albrecht, C., & Zimbelman, M. (2011). Fraud examination. Cengage Le
Dalzell, S., & Kennedy, B. (2014). Integrated Law Enforcement: A Holistic Approach to Solving Crime. IBM Redbooks.
Davis, A. Y. (2011). Are prisons obsolete? Seven Stories Press.
Dyck, A., Morse, A., & Zingales, L. (2010). Who blows the whistle on corporate fraud? The Journal of Finance, 65(6), 2213-2253.
Edwards, N. A. (2012). WWADD? What Would Andy Dufresne Do? The Idea of Life after Death in the Shawshank Redemption.
Glaze, L. E., & Parks, E. (2011). Correctional populations in the United States, 2011. Population, 6(7), 8.
Jurkanin, T. J., & Hillard, T. G. (2005). Chicago police: An inside view–the story of Superintendent Terry G. Hillard. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
1980 US Olympic Hockey compared to 1980 Soviet Olympic Hockey college essay help near meName:
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1980 US Olympic Hockey compared to 1980 Soviet Olympic Hockey
In 1980, the American Olympic team defeated the previous cup holders of Soviet Union 4-3 to clinch that year’s Olympic tournament and received the gold medal. Their captain during that time was Mike Eruzione who was considered an essential leader of the team. This histrionic triumph was achieved because Mark Johnson scored two goals, which proved to be instrumental in their win. Credit was also given to the team’s goalkeeper, Jim Craig, who made 36 saves out of the 39 shots fired by the team of the Soviet Union. The coach of the American team appreciated that the victory was owed to their goalkeeper (U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame, para1). Even though the Soviet team dominated the match, they failed to convert their attempts to goals.
There are a number of factors, which contributed to the United States win. For instance, the Soviet Union team came into the match thinking that they had already won considering that they were the previous champions. They had experienced players who had participated in various tournaments before. For instance, most of their players were considered legends since they had played more than two Olympic Games. Even though the American team was believed to be the underdogs in the finals, they managed to accomplish their dream because they had young, talented, and focused players (Allen, para1). The head coach of the American team had carried out trials to obtain the best players previous year before the actual tournament where he (Herbs Brooks) he came out with the best 20 experienced players. In contrast, the Soviet Union head coach mainly relies on his long-time professional players.
Five months before the start of the 1980 Olympic hockey tournament, American head coach begun exhibition play where they played more than 60 games. Since they mainly played the European teams, Brooks adopted their mode of play give emphasis to wide-open mode of play where there is minimal body contact. The head coach believed that this was the most appropriate way to defeat the soviet team. The soviet head coach stated that their victory was overturned because they did not have enough preparation and underestimated the American team. During for the preparation of the teams for the real tournament, soviet coach did not start with his professional and experienced players to give them room to assess the game rather than taking part in the actual skate. Conversely, Brooks went on with his strong, attacking style, skating tough practices and reprimanding his players who were weak to gain some stamina during the game. Moreover, the American coach focused on speed, training, and self-control to unite his team.
American players played specific roles during the tournament. For instance, Mark Johnson understood the game more than the Americans did because he was the son of the renowned coach of the U.S hockey team, Bob Johnson. In addition, Mike Eruzione also played an important role in the team as a senior and experienced player (Fitzpatrick para1). He guided other players by motivating them to maintain speed and focus, especially at the last minutes of the game. In conclusion, the Soviet team did not win their game because their head coach failed to recognize the seriousness of the tournament. For instance, he thought that his victory would depend on history. On the other hand, Brooks made appropriate decision making before and during the game leading to their triumph that was unbelievable to the fans of both teams.
Works Cited
Allen, Kevin. College Kids Perform Olympic miracle. 2014. Web. September 19, 2014. http://espn.go.com/classic/s/miracle_ice_1980.html
Fitzpatrick, Jamie. Miracle On Ice: American Hockey’s Defining Moment. 2004. Web. September 19, 2014. http://proicehockey.about.com/cs/history/a/miracle_on_ice.htm
U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame. The 1980 U.S Olympics Team. 2003. Web. September 19, 2014. http://www.ushockeyhalloffame.com/page/show/831562-the-1980-u-s-olympic-team
Surname 1 essay helpName
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What do you think of the approach to change espoused by Don Edwin?
Don Edwin approach is very risky and can cause the business to incur tremendous loss and perhaps collapse. Change is very necessary for the business to remain relevant. Therefore, waiting to see the shift in competition may either favor the business or lead to a failure (Goetsch, & Richburg 156-178).
If you were a friend of Don Edwin, how would you explain the need to anticipate change to him?
Any organization must always identify the changing conditions in the market. It is significant for the organization to anticipate the needs for change. First, the management must identify the reasons for anticipating change before focusing on the creating a contingency plan. Secondly, anticipating change gives the organization an ample to time to balance off its resources to use both at present and future within a sustainable environment. In addition, Don Edwin should understand that the business world is changing at a high rate.
Therefore, if the organization is slow to adapt to changes, it may fall a victim of unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. For example, technological changes often accelerate the process of transition, and it becomes difficult to predict the future. Therefore, with a robust contingency plan, the organization stands a better position to deal any condition.
The third piece of advice to Don Edwin is that changes occur without issuing any warning. Therefore, organizations that focus much on the immediate needs often find themselves caught up by changes unexpectedly causing them to either close down temporarily or collapse. There is therefore a need to shift the focus to the future in order to create time creating future-based methodologies to deal with anticipated crisis.
Fourthly, Don Edwin must understand that the need to anticipate change gives the organization the opportunity to grow and develop before others identify it. In this regard, keeping an eye on the competition is a risky affair because other organizations might identify opportunity without your knowledge (Laguna 123-135).
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Works Cited
Goetsch, David & Richburg, James. Effective Change Management: Ten Steps for Technical Professions. New Jersey: Pearson, 2005
Laguna, Manuel. Business process modeling, simulation, and design / Manuel Laguna, Johan Marklund, Upper Saddle River, NJ; México: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004
United parcel service
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The following table gives an overview of the Board of Directors for the United Parcel Services.
Name
Job Title
Primary employer
Date Joined BoD
Committees
Background Comments
Ann M. Livermore
head of Technology Solutions Group
She was elected 1997 to the board of United Parcel Service
She has built good customer relationship that are significant HP’s competitive advantage. Livermore has a bachelor’s degree in economics and master’s degree in business administration
Clark T. “Sandy” Randt, Jr
He is currently the president of Randt & co. LLC
Sandy is a diplomat, an attorney and a great businessperson with a lot of experience in Asia. Randt served in the U.S Air force security service.
Dr. Candace kindle
She is the co-founder and chairperson of kindle Inc.
Michael J. Burns
March 2004
Served as the president of general motors in Europe since 1998.
Rodney C. Adkins
2009
He was the senior vice president of systems and technology. In 2001 he won the golden torch award. In 2002 he was among the 50 greatest black executives in America.
Stuart E. Eizenstat
Heads the international legal practice of Covington and burling.
Carol B. Tome
Executive vice president of the home depot
2003
Holds a degree in communication and a master’s degree in finance from university of Denver.
D. Scott Davis
Serves as a non-executive chairman of UPS
F. Duane Ackerman
Aug 29, 2007
Former chairperson and CEO of Bellsouth Corporation.
Kevin M. Warsh
April 2011
Economic and financial market expert. Former central banker and presidential advisor
Michael L. Eskew
2001 – 2007
Chairperson and CEO at UPS for 6 years.
Currently chairman of the board of trustees of The Annie E. Casey Foundation.
Currently a Member of the Board of Directors at IBM and Eli Lilly.
Rudy H.P. Markham
8th November 2007
Has worked for long at Unilever thus extensively Experienced in the finance department.
William R. Johnson
2001
Is active in supporting community organizations and quite patriotic.
Received the Marco Polo Award.
References
www.ups.com/pressroom/us/board/board
https://www.jnj.com/news/all/CEO-and-Chairman-of-UPS-D-Scott-Davis-Joins-Johnson-Johnson-Board-of-Directors
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Atheer Review
Institutional economics emphasizes on the advancement of institutional processes that provide the physical means of life. It is not often that one finds a journal of economic issues such as “Reasonable Value” Versus “Instrumental Value: “Competing Paradigms in Institutional Economics. The author, an Associate Professor of Economics in the University of Rhode Island talks about “institutional economics” and constitutes of “institutionalism”. Many people inside the self-identified community desire for the broader acknowledgement that institutionalism constitutes a substitute for the accepted economics. There are those who go so far as to associate institutionalism with a scientific paradigm. An example is Marc Tool who stated, “Development has proceeded to the point where paradigm status may be accorded and is a substantial alternative perspective for mainstream orthodoxy that may be proposed and asserted,” (Ramstad, 761). The journal shows us just how hard it can be to display constitutes of institutional economics.
One great thing about the article is the way it emphasizes that the association between institution economics and scientific paradigm it misplaced. Institutional economics is extensively accepted and recognized as a substitute of standard economics by many. This makes it a success in several measures since it is structured and follows a systematic approach to its findings. By equating to a scientific paradigm, contributes to its acceptance. This association brings out a significant development in the field from a practical research perspective and relevant dataset that can transform it. In addition, examination of economic problems may use the approaches in a scientific paradigm. However, the scientific methods in institutions and schools are systematically understood and used. As a scientific paradigm, institutionalism in economics may come to an agreement about its reliability as another perspective on ordinary accepted views.
Linking of institutional economics and a scientific paradigm is very significant since they tend to share some aspects of research. This is because one can acknowledge the desire to relate the institutional economics and a scientific paradigm as correct or a misplaced action. With proper institutional arrangements, it creates benefits to the institutional economics from a scientific paradigm.
Another great thing about the article is the author’s argument on the need to associate institutional economics with an approach to the analysis of economic issues.
On the other hand, a scientific paradigm is inappropriate. The association between the two may have both positive and negative impacts.
“Reasonable Value” Versus “Instrumental Value: “Competing Paradigms in Institutional Economics is an informative article for anyone who seeks to understand contemporary economic issues. The article is educative on current financial issues and offers intriguing ideas about institutional economics. In addition, the journal gives a clear view of how to understand institutionalized economies. It provides insight into reasons why institutional economics association with a scientific paradigm is misplaced. In my understanding, institutional economics encompasses issues of interaction between individuals and institutions in shaping an economy. Scientific paradigm can be applied in many fields of study as it deals with questions that can be asked in a research concerning the subject.
Work Cited
Ramstad, Yngve. Reasonable Value” Versus “Instrumental Value: “Competing Paradigms in Institutional Economics. Journal of Ecnomic Issues, 23.3, 1989: 761-777. Print.
Executive summary college essay help onlineName:
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Executive summary
Capital punishment has existed for many years as a way of rendering justice to murder victims by executing them. This research paper talks about the reasons for and against this mode of punishment. This paper involves broad research topics conducted to provide evidence to every argument with various examples provided.
Different individuals have been involved in the analysis of whether capital punishment is against the constitution. Defenders of the penalty argue that execution of criminals is a lesson to other bad-minded people because it serves as a warning sign to those planning to commit such criminal activities. Research also provides that capital punishment reduce crime rates.
The paper also elaborates on the faults of capital punishment. Many innocent characters are put to death for the capital punishment. There are various reasons behind these faults including, lack of proper investigation and pressure from powerful people. There is also no constancy in the judgments. For example, two similar crimes convicted in different states may have different judgment. Another flaw discussed is the racial difference is that statistics has proven that black convicts are more likely to face death penalties than white criminals are. It has passed down the lineage since colonial era where blacks were killed for killing whites, but whites did not face the same punishment for killing blacks.
There is also a contradicting element on the capital punishment where, the constitution provides that every person have the right to live. This element of the constitution has brought arguments on whether to eliminate capital punishment or continue with the mode of punishment. This document also explains various methods of executions conducted on a sentenced criminal. Some of these methods appear to very inhuman and cruel.
Introduction
Capital punishment refers to the execution of criminals found guilty of committing serious crimes. Recently, most states in the world have abandoned the capital punishment. Only Japan, South Korea, and the U.S maintain the policy of the death penalty. There are many ways of execution available to enforce the capital punishment. Different states practice different methods, or they combine all methods. Unions and activists argue that the capital punishment is cruel and should be abandoned. Unions in America propose that the defendant should have the right to choose whether he/she wants a death penalty and not a judge. They claim that capital punishment is against the human rights.
In the U.S government, the capital punishment is a controversial topic on the state levels of government. Out of fifty states, only thirty-five states have enforced the death penalty. The remaining fifteen states support life sentence without bail. Capital punishment is the only exception that the society allows to the prohibition against killing.
Capital punishment is one of the ancient criminal punishment. It has three purposes namely, to discourage crime, to discourage its repletion and to punish the crime. This mode of punishment mostly acknowledges the harm to victims and preventing capital crimes by prospective offenders. During past times, capital punishment was conducted in front of a multitude of people to dishonor the criminal activity and to warn other people against the practice (Marzilli 2009 pg. 39).
Is capital punishment too costly than life sentence without parole?
Death penalty is expensive compared to life without parole. The constitution requires a very long and complex court process for capital cases. The time spent on death trial case is about 40 days while the case where death is not an option it lasts 16days. This process is long because the court needs to ensure that innocent persons do not suffer for crimes they did not participate because this process is irreversible.
Defending death penalty case costs four times more than defending normal sentence case, research conducted by the Kansas judicial council found that there have been 34 death sentences from 2004-2011. The research also found that the cost for death penalty trials costs $395,700 per case as compared to $98,900 on a normal sentence case. Even the cases that the defendant pleaded guilty, and did not go for a trial caused the same amount or even more. However, the risk of execution of an innocent individual cannot be eliminated even with these protections.
Life imprisonment without parole costs millions less than the death penalty. The death penalty is supposed to be replaced with life imprisonment so that the money may be used for community development programs. The millions could rather be used on drug control, education, roads, mental care services public sector programs and many more. For example, California could save $1 billion by replacing death penalty with life imprisonment. The amount of dollars received from taxpayers per death row prisoner is extremely high compared to regular confinement.
Does it do what it claims to do?
Extensive researches have taken place to prove whether death penalties have effect as its purpose states. Columbia university research concluded that there are numerous errors in deterrence studies. These errors include improper statistical analysis; missing data and variable necessary provide a real picture of the evidence. There is no reliable evidence that shows execution can exert a deterrent effect. This result renders the sentence unreliable as a basis for law policy that generates decisions. Although, some other studies prove that each death sentence prevent three to32 murders. Fagan explains that researchers are not taking their work seriously thus providing vague results.
Committees have raised issues regarding the research conducted on whether capital punishment deters murder. The committees have noted that many recent studies reports on the capital punishment deterrence to murder are have been accused of omitting important factors in their reports. Claims show that the researchers are not done in an appropriate manner thus resulting to vague results. It is clear that death penalties deter murder because citizens know the consequences therefore refrain from committing murder.
The following comparison shows how capital punishment saves life. Considering a country that permits capital punishment, it is suggested precisely that executions save lives. Considering the lives of innocent people, and ignoring the deaths of the convicts, capital punishment saves many lives. For example, a serial killer may commit several murders but when he/she is executed, it saves more lives. Subtracting murders caused in brutalization states roughly 5246 from those saves in deterrence states roughly 6918, and it shows that the net lives saved nationwide is 1672. From this argument, it is clear that capital punishment meets its goals. (Mandery, Evan & Mandery pg. 61)
Is it cruel and unusual punishment?
There are reasons behind arguing that death penalty is a cruel and unusual punishment. The executions are conducted through chocking lethal injections and other methods that vary depending on the intensity of crime. A number of judges have argued that these executions are too slow and impulsive. A federal court ruled that the mode of lethal injection is hazardous that an inmate suffers extreme pain. The court argued that this is cruelty because it‘s inhuman and unlawful.
The effort to abolish the death penalty is not new. It started a long time ago during the 1840s, where it came close to succeeding but was defeated. Capital punishment reached its peak in 1930s to the tune of 190 executions in a year. The civil right tried to intercede, but it was argued that it was a fair play to the families of the innocent victims. The civil right attack to the death penalty sought to convince the Supreme Court to declare death punishment as defilement of the eighth amendment rendering it cruel and unusual punishment.it was a brilliantly led campaign but eventually failed. (Radeletand Michael pg. 5)
Capital punishment is considered cruel and unlawful because of various aspects associated with it. One of the aspects is the lack of effective counsel. Capital protectors lack resources and training to offer satisfactory counsel to their clients. The other factor is the execution methods that include electrocution, hanging, gas chamber, lethal injection, and firing squad. People considered these methods cruel and unusual. Execution of the innocent can also happen. A number people have been released from the death sentence after being proven innocent of crimes they were convicted. Thus indicates that innocent convicts can fall victim of execution if the jury still has doubts on their case. Mental ill persons have also fell victim of this punishment. The standards for protecting the intellectually disabled from executions are low, and there are many mental ill persons on death row.
Racial imbalance associated with capital punishment
Racial disparity in capital punishment is the racial bias that the jury racially decides who faces execution. Racial imbalance in capital sentencing is a historic reality. In 1930 to 1967, 54% percent of the people murdered under authority in America were African American. However, arguments conclude that the blacks were the ones committing major crimes than the whites. This history proves that racism is a risk factor that can prevail when passing these judgments.
Various researches have been conducted to show the presence of racism in the capital punishment, and have proved that this problem has not slackened since historical times. The research has shown that those involved in capital punishment decisions are exclusively white. From the days of slavery where blacks were considered as property, capital punishment has always been influenced by race. Researchers like Baldus and Woodworth have carefully conducted an analysis of race and death penalty that shows the possibility of getting a death sentence if the defendant is black are for times compared to white. These results came from research on the harshness of the crime and background of the defendant. The data was carefully analyzed and it concluded that blacks were sentenced to death more than the other defendants for same crimes were.
Despite the evidence of discrimination, the courts have always denied that patterns of racial differences are not enough to prove that there exists racial bias during decisions. However, it is proven that decisions on capital punishments are racial. Thus presenting the effect of racial discrimination where blacks are put to death for murdering whites, but whites people are rarely executed for murdering blacks. Such system is unfair and unconstitutional.
Critics of capital punishment believe that death penalty should not exist in a democratic society. They argue that innocent persons can fall victims of execution. For example, according to the research by Radelet and Bedeau, 350 wrongful murder convictions have passed since 1900 and led to 23 innocent executions. Three death sentences are returned in the court where the defendant is falsely accused due to false conviction result from, suppression of evidence, false identifications, and forced confessions. The research showed that out of the 23 executions, 128 serve more than six years on false convictions, and eight died while serving their sentence. (Siegel pg. 513)
A new poll conducted recently finds that majority (52%) of Americans prefer life without parole as punishment for murder while 42% prefer the death penalty. Compared to previous poles, this is the first-time supporter’s life without parole sentence have defeated the supporters of the death penalty. These people argue that no man is supposed to take life out of somebody, as it is cruel and unconstitutional. Americans also argue that those who commit murders have unsound mind and strong motives driving them to that decision. Hence, majority prefer life imprisonment without parole.
Conclusion
Studies and research have provided balanced views on whether capital punishment should be scraped off or not. The results have provided almost equal argument and points supporting and opposing the mode of punishment. According to my point of view, I beg to both agree and disagree on this topic. On the justice provision point of view, I support that capital punishment should continue. The main reason of my decision is to show that murder victim’s family need to see the case put to justice. Thus, the defendant should face the consequences of his/her actions. However, there are many faulty judgments that are passed on the defendant due to lack of sufficient evidence required to prove innocence and lack of proper and accurate investigations. This case leads to innocent capital punishment convictions that are unfair to the defendant. In addition, due to racial imbalance judgment, the inferior group may suffer innocently false convictions.
Executing the innocent is extremely inconsistent with the constitution of America. It is contrary to the contemporary standard of decency, very deplorable to the conscience of the society and unpleasant to the victim and their families. The execution of a legally innocent person is an event that cannot been tolerated by the constitution. The jury should ensure that they are extremely careful when making these decisions because they are irreversible. (Latzer, Barry and David McCord pg. 348).
To ensure fair trial in courts, the government should select highly qualified members of jury and legal representatives. This will help in ensuring that there are no favors on cases no matter how wealthy you are. The government should ensure that they fight racism to ensure free and fair trials.
References
Kronenwetter, Michael. Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2001. Print.
Latzer, Barry, and David McCord. Death Penalty Cases: Leading U.S. Supreme Court Cases on Capital Punishment. Burlington: Elsevier Science, 2010. Print.
Mandery, Evan J, and Evan J. Mandery. Capital Punishment in America: A Balanced Examination. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2011. Print.
Marzilli, Alan. Capital Punishment, New York Second Edition InfoBase Publishing, 2009. Print
Radelet, Michael L. Facing the Death Penalty: Essays on a Cruel and Unusual Punishment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989. Print.
Rooney, Anne. Capital Punishment. Chicago, Ill: Raintree, 2005. Print.
Siegel, Larry J. Introduction to Criminal Justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.
Zimring, Franklin E. The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Internet resource.
China and Japan before World War II a level english language essay helpName:
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China and Japan before World War II
CHINA AND JAPAN AND THE DEVELOPMENTS LEADING TO WORLD WAR II
A. The Emergence of Modern Japan to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895
The Charter Oath played a crucial role in Japan’s modernization and democratization process by proposing discussions in matters affecting the nation (1). During the Meiji rule, power was restored to the emperor who was largely a symbolic figure since his advisors made all the necessary decisions. Okuma Shigenobu was among the notable individuals who promoted the introduction of western learning and Christianity in Japan (3). Shigenobu also played a critical role in Japan’s foreign affairs in the newly established Meiji government.
While the government sought to follow the Western examples in its constitution and development, the opponents agitated for popular elections that gave them an opportunity to run the government. The opponents believed wanted fair elections in Japan where the number of votes would determine the individuals to run the government. The opponents found that the Meiji constitutional system was unfair since it did not describe how the cabinet was chosen and its composition. Although Japan sought to westernize its political system, it was resistant to implement extensive reforms that could threaten the ruling class. Consequently, only partial constitutionalism efforts were realized in the 1870s (4). The first elections in the modernized Japan occurred in 1890 and the opposition parties comprised of the Freedom Party (Jiyûtô) and the Progressive Party (Kaishintô). The freedom party won 130 seats while the Progressive Party had 47. The ruling party won 79 seats in the election, and this demonstrated the discontent against the government at that time.
The constitution was a means of power sharing between the emperor and his subjects. However, the emperor retained the powers to initiate changes or make changes to the law (6). The Diet, the general staff, the Cabinet, and the Privy Council were responsible for governance and administration of the country. The diet served legislative purposes while the general staff was responsible for maintaining the country’s security. The cabinet was in charge of advising the emperor while the Privy Council’s function was evaluating of the constitution and advising the emperor on important matters (7). Yamagata reorganized the army by introducing the Goshimpei (Imperial Force) to replace the feudal armies that were highly disorganized. He introduced conscription that forced all men of fighting and health to join the military (11). He also separated military command structures from civilian control structures to liberate decision-making within the military. Yamagata followed the Prussian (German) model to build Japan’s army and navy that was divided into smaller units to enhance logistics and mobility (12).
The development of the military changed the Japanese economy from an agrarian one into an industrial economy. The peasant men who previously worked in farms were recruited into the army. This recruitment proved decisive in Japan’s victory over China in the first Sino-Japanese War. Korea was rich in natural resources, and Japan sought to exploit these resources by signing unequal treaties with the Korean king. During this time, Korea was part of China, and all the tributes from Korea were paid to China. In 1894, a rebellion arose in Korea and China sent its troops to quell the uprising. Japan also sent its troops to Korea since it had vested interests through its treaties with the nation. The confrontation between the two armies resulted in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 – 1895 (11). Japan won because it had a modernized army against China’s outdated forces. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Shimonseki (11).
B. Imperial Japan
1. Foreign Policy and Empire Building:
The aims of the Japanese foreign policy were to empower the nation so that it could compete with the western powers while maintaining the traditional Japanese values. Japan also sought to deter communism within its territories. These aims were defined by introducing western lifestyles in Japan and the government’s decision to send several individuals in western countries to learn the ways of the westerners. Japan obtained equality with the western powers by abolishing its feudal system, introducing education up to the university level in Japan, and investing in the industrialization of the nation. Japan had imperialist ambitions and sought to cede more land from China. Japan had free access to many ports in China, and this enabled it to import many goods that were acquired cheaply from the Chinese mainland. China also paid a heavy indemnity to Japan after the first Sino-Japanese War and the Boxer Rebellion. The relationship between the two countries increased the demands for reforms in China and its modernization.
Japan was to abandon its demands for several ports the Liadong Peninsula and South Manchuria after defeating China in the Sino-Japanese War by France, Germany and Russia. However, Russia took over Port Arthur that had commercial and strategic significance to Japan’s expansionist ideals. Japan believed that Russia’s presence in the region threatened its ambitious plans, and it sought to remove Russia from the region. Britain was interested in reducing naval competition posed by Russia and its alliance with Japan started after the signing of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. The agreement was made easy because Britain had helped Japan oversee the modernization of its economy and army as well as in defeating the Boxer Rebellion. The significance of the alliance was that Britain would declare any country that supported Russia in its war against Japan as an enemy. Since Germany and France had no interest in waging wars against Britain, they left Russia to fight its war against Japan and eventually lost.
Japan started the Russo-Japanese War by attacking a fleet of Russian ships at Port Arthur. The initial attack was made before Russia received a formal war declaration from Japan. The war had high casualties on both sides and Japan badly destroyed the Russian fleets. After it suffering heavy defeats by Japan Russia had no alternative except to sign the Treaty of Portsmouth that ended the war. Russia also lacked adequate resources to continue its war against Japan. The world was shocked at Japan’s victory over Russia since it was the first time an Asian country had defeated a modernized Western army such as Russia. However, the United States was worried that Japan’s victory threatened its interest in the region because Japan could be motivated to start another war with the United States.
The Portsmouth Treaty allowed Japan to control South Manchuria and several parts of Korea. Japan took over control of the Russian-built Railway and Port Arthur. Japan also acquired the southern part of the Sakhalin Island from Russia. However, Russia refused to pay the indemnity costs of the war and the Japanese considered this an affront. The decision by Roosevelt to support Russia in refusing to pay the compensation costs was met with suspicion as the Japanese felt that the Americans had vested interests in the region. The victory in the Russia-Japan War allowed Japan to exert its influence in the Manchuria region and allowed the nation to impose a puppet government in Manchuria to protect Japan’s interests.
2. What impact did the war industry have upon Japan’s economy?
Yamagata believed in the supremacy of the emperor, and his relationship with the political parties was based on coercion and bribery whenever possible. On the other hand, Ito believed in a democratic process that accommodated all the political parties in Japan. For instance, Yamagata proposed the suspension of the constitution after the Kenseito (Constitutional) Party won the 1898 election by a wide margin. On the other hand, Ito suggested that the Constitutional Party assume the control of the government, and this was a more peaceful alternative than Yamagata’s suggestion. The military played a significant role in influencing the political atmosphere in Japan on several occasions. For instance, the army’s victories in the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars helped enhance the nationalist ideals among the Japanese citizens. Although the peasants initially resisted forceful conscription into the army during the start of the army’s modernization program, support for the army increased after the decisive victory over China in the Sino-Japanese War.
Katsura and Saionji era was marked by the reduction in the size of the genró and withdrawing the genró from the administrative posts (14). Katsura and Saionji also resisted the attempts of creating hereditary political aristocracies, and this indicated a modernization of the Japanese politics. Katsura also opposed party government just like his mentor, Yamagata (13). On the other hand, Saionji maintained the alliance between his party and the bureaucrats just as his mentor, Ito, did earlier. Saionji was the last genró, and he remained influential in selecting prime ministers.
Ito Niobium founded the Seiyúkai Party in 1900, and the party consisted of a partnership between former Kenseitó members and bureaucrats. The Seiyúkai was very powerful in the Diet, and it promoted large-scale spending by the government and the public sectors. However, the party was dissolved in 1940 after four decades of existence, and the Imperial Rule Assistance Association succeeded it. The successes of the party include conducting policies to restore the Japanese economy and floating the yen. Hara Kei was an important member of the Seiyúkai Party, and he molded the party into a highly democratized one (15). Kei was born in 1856 into a prominent samurai family in northern Japan, and he completed his university education at Tokyo University. Under Kei, the Seiyúkai Party sought civilian support by promoting various economic activities through legislations. Kei also made the Seiyúkai Party successful by enlarging the electorate base by reducing the voting qualifications.
The Zaibatsu sought to form political allies with the ruling government because the government would protect and support the growth of the Zaibatsu through various incentives. The general trend for the Zaibatsu was to oversee and promote Japan’s industrialization efforts while the government protected the Zaibatsu from unwanted competitions. The influence of the oligarchs started declining after people such as Itagaki Taisuke criticized the unrestrained power held by the oligarchs (2). Another reason for the decline was the quest by the military to find more autonomy from the oligarchs because it believed that they had no corporate interests in the military. The void was filled when the political parties gained the power to rule Japan, and the influence of the political parties grew. The WWI resulted in increased activity within Japan’s economy. This arose as the competition for various products from the European manufacturers decreased as most of the European countries were engaged in the war (17). Japan used the war as a ruse to invade some parts of China that were held by Russia, and this increased the animosity between the countries.
3. Foreign Affairs & Political development during the 1920s:
One of Japan’s successes in foreign affairs is its inclusion in the League of Nations since this implied that the United States and other powerful nations recognized Japan’s influence in international matters (18). However, Japan’s failure resulted from its decisions to attack China in an attempt to protect its interests in the region. The decision made other powers to alienate Japan, and this marked the beginning of the decline of Japan’s influence in foreign affairs. Due to the rising population and scarcity of natural resources to sustain its vibrant industrial sector, Japan sought to invade the Manchuria region that was rich in resources. Japan’s investments in the region included the railway line and Port Arthur that facilitated Japan’s commercial interests in China (19). Japan also had interests in the metallurgical industry in China.
The prime ministers who served in Japan between 1924 and 1933 included Kiyoura Keigo, Kato Takaaki, Tanaka Giichi, Osachi Hamaguchi, Wakatsuki Reijiró, Inukai Tsuyoshi and Saitó Makato. The increasing power of political parties in Japan signified the increased democratization of Japan’s political environment. Kato’s government passed several important reforms that included the General Election Law that allowed all males over 25 years to vote. His administration also ratified the Peace Preservation Law that inhibited radical political organizations (20). Kato’s government sought the reduction of government spending and finalized the Soviet-Japanese Basic Convention. However, Kato’s government was unsuccessful in realizing its goal of reducing government spending as Japan continued pursuing its expansionist ambitions.
Hamaguchi Osachi’s government promised to eliminate corruption and improve Japan’s economy in the face of the damaging recession. Hamaguchi’s government sought to realize its goals through the rationalization of industries, deflation, and retrenchment. Hamaguchi succeeded in reducing military spending despite failing to maintain the value of the Japanese yen. Hamaguchi’s government also faced increasing discontent due to the high rates of unemployment. Hamaguchi’s opponents tried to assassinate him on November 14, 1930, although he survived with severe wounds. Hamaguchi was unable to resume office due to his poor health and Kijúuró Shidehara was appointed to act as the Prime Minister. Shidehara’s diplomacy sought peaceful foreign policy, including the accepting the tariff autonomy demands by China. During this time, the military was largely inactive as both Hamaguchi and Shidehara were against militarism. These developments cast doubts on the freedom and legitimacy of political parties in ruling Japan since the Seiyúkai pressurized both Hamaguchi and Shidehara to rescind their foreign policy decisions.
D. The 1930s and World War II: Japan
1. The Manchurian Incident – Causes and Consequences:
The Japanese political setup during the early 1930s was marked by increased militarism in Japan and China. The military activities sought to impose a dictatorship on Japan. The opponents of Japan’s constitutional government and other political parties initially welcomed the increased military activity although they later became wary about the possibility of living under a military dictatorship. The military officers welcomed the new political setup because it gave them more control over the countries affairs and allowed Japan to consolidate its hold over Manchuria and other regional interests. However, the somber minded military officials considered Japan’s aggressiveness dangerous to the peace and stability of the country since it put it in direct conflict with other powerful nations.
The assassins felt that Zhang Zuolin failed in stopping the Nationalists after Chiang Kai-shek’s army defeated him and his non-compliance with Japan. Japan’s Kwangtung Army was responsible for staging the bomb attack that killed Zuolin along the Huanggutun railroad. Japan considered ceding territories to either Russia or China as unacceptable, and Zuolin’s defeat by the Nationalists implied Japan could lose its Manchurian territory. The Kwangtung Army assassinated Zuolin so that it could replace him with a new leader who could defend Japan’s interests in the region properly (21).
While Kwangtung Army was making preparations to assassinate Zuolin, it was also preparing Yang Yuting to assume leadership of the Fengtian Army that was previously led by Zuolin. However, Zhang Xueliang (Zoulin’s son) succeeded his father and reconciled with the Chiang Kai-shek Nationalist government, and this made him recognized Manchurian leader instead of Yuting. Consequently, Japan’s attempts to impose its rule were in jeopardy, and its political hold on Manchuria weakened. Manchuria, Japan sought pretexts to attack Manchuria and reassert its position over the region in an effort to regain its power in the area. This decision was also influenced by the capture and execution of Captain Nakamura Shintaro by the Chinese forces. Eventually, the Japanese Army decided bomb its railway line in Manchuria and blame the attack on the Chinese (24). The attack occurred on 18th September 1931 and in its aftermath; Col. Itagaki ordered an attack on the Mukden’s fortifications and the Chinese barracks in Manchuria. Within 24 hours, the Japanese Army had killed more than 400 Chinese. On 21st September 1931, the Korean Army moved into Manchuria and the Chinese asked the League of Nations to intervene in the issue.
2. Japanese Politics and the Road to War:
In 1932, the Kwangtung Army decided to undertake a full invasion of Jinzhou and Manchuria without the approval of the Imperial government. Hirohito publicly praised the army for taking measures to defend itself against the Chinese rebels, and this resulted in an assassination attempt against him. When the Chinese attacked several some Nichiren monks, Admiral Koichi sought help from Japan to quell the uprising. The Japanese used fighter planes to kill very many Chinese citizens. A Nichiren priest gave several assassins orders to kill several targets and some of the assassins succeeded in accomplishing their tasks (26). The assassins were absolved of any wrongdoing when they were later arrested and taken to court, and this signified Japan’s approval of the actions of its army and mercenaries in Manchuria.
During the 1930s, the army gained greater influence in Japan’s activities within the country and abroad while the Navy was relatively dormant. The army’s perceived importance caused its leaders to change its name from Rikugun to Kógun (the Imperial Army). Extremists within the Japanese army were discontented with the Japan’s economic and political structures that they felt prevented Japan from becoming the dominant force in Asia. The extremists decided to eliminate individuals who were close to the emperor and attempt to overthrow the Imperial Government. The coup attempt occurred on February 26, 1936 when army officers killed two of the emperor’s advisors. However, the coup attempt failed, and the leaders were convinced to commit suicide to prevent trials that would embarrass the Japanese army. Extremist military leaders were also removed from the army (28). The elite officers viewed future warfare as a means of demonstrating their commitment to the Japanese as it prepared to engage in a war against the Soviet Union. The army received increased funding after the coup attempt. General Senjúró Hayashi’s first act upon assuming office as the Prime Minister was to try to dissolve the House of Representatives. His primary objective in this idea was weakening the political parties. However, the political parties rejected his ideas, and the elections were conducted as scheduled (27).
3. Expansion of the War into a Pacific War:
Japan considered the Soviet Union as a threat to its regional interests in Asia, including its imposed state of Manchukuo (25). Japan sought to further its expansionist interests, and it believed that the Soviet Union would be an impediment to its goals. Through the signing of the Anti-Comitern Pact, Japan sought an alliance with Germany in an effort to contain communism spread by China and the Soviet Union in Asia. The first fight between the two nations occurred in 1938 during the Battle of Lake Khasan while the Battle of Khalkhin Gol occurred in 1939. Eventually, the Soviet Union overwhelmingly defeated the Japanese forces and in 1941, the two countries signed a neutrality pact.
Germany’s decision to include Japan in the Tripartite Alliance with Italy caused Japan to revoke some of its earlier treaties with the United States (30). Germany encouraged Japan to attack the British’s interests in Asia since this would weaken Britain’s military and prevent the United States from joining the war in Europe. However, the Japanese officers avoided another war with the Soviet Union following Japan’s defeat in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol. Japan was also concerned about the United States’ influence in the Pacific region. The Japanese military believed that it could only achieve its expansionist ambitions by attacking the United States that was committed to preventing Japan from achieving its objectives. One reason for Japan’s sentiments was the decision by the United States and Britain to limit the size of Japan’s naval vessels.
Japan’s decision to capture French Indochina increased tension between the two countries and set Japan and the United States on a collision course. The United States, the Netherlands, and British responded to the invasion by imposing embargos on Japan’s trade with the countries. In addition to opposing Japan’s invasion into the French Indochina, the United States also demanded that Japan withdraw its armies from China and stop its plans to colonize Asia. However, this infuriated Japan and made its Prime Minister, Hideki Tojo, to threaten the United States and Britain (32). Although his threats were not taken seriously, Japan’s naval fleets set out for Hawaii. The attack on the United States’ navy in the Pearl Harbor resulted in the death of 2,403 servicemen, loss or damage of many planes, battleships, cruisers, and destroyers.
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Company Case Analysis
Under Armour is a manufacturing company dealing in production and sale of performance clothes and gear designed to keep sportspersons cool, dry, and light all the way through a game, or workout. Its various types of apparel that is specially designed for different climate and weather, is the company’s biggest revenue earner. Under Armours target market inludes college and university sports teams, womens sport’s teams, athletes, Major League Baseball and National Hockey League teams. At the end of September 2005
Under Armour’s main market is in North America with the company having almost 18000 retail stores in 2011. With its consistently gowing income level and favourable international age demographics, expanding its market outreach internationally, will be very helpful in maintaining long term success. Consequently, Under Armour has made investments in China, Japan and Europe for instance by partnering with Hannover 96 Football Club in Germany. However due to the major prensence of its competitors e.g Nike and Adidas, who are leading operators in the industry has proven quite a challenge in its penetration into some foreign countries’ market. As seen in its increase in net revenue in 2013, earned from international sales, Under Armour can enjoy greater market share from other regions.
Its demographic target market includes of mainly young people. However, it seems to concentrate on young male consumers due to the concentration of male dominated sports such as football, and lacrose. In its effort to raise its market share and profits, it has of late been trying to establish a relationship and boost brand loyalty with female consumers.
Under Armour visibly has more concentration on young athletes and sports teams. Therefore it has a number of contracts with college programs around the United States of America. It has hosted about 50 camps for young athletes in various sports regionally in the United states. It has also tried to attract young players and made its brand known by more people through competitions such as All American football game that draws participants from top seniors in high school football, The Under Armour Marathon, The Under Armour All American lacrosse Classic and sponsoring American Youth Football which promotes the development of young players in America.
Under Armour has mostly generated revenue from sales in the United States of America. It has only about 6% of its revenue being gained from other regions. This has been attributed to the fewer years Under Armour has been operational as compared to other industry operators such as Nike and Adidas. The rest of the world is a highly potentially profitable market for instance Eoropean countries where it has a contract with Hannover 96 Football club and other regions that it can to tap into.
Under Armour’s products target middle to upper class income earning individuals. It has set up itself as a premium perfomance sportsgear outfitter. This image has enabled it to put its products prices a bit higher than most of its competitors and substitute products in the market. It has implemented a value based pricing structure where the price of each product is quite higher than its cost of production. This is influenced by its products being perceived to be of a higher value due to their special design. Moreover, Under Armour has created a brand image that justifies the price for its products. However, in some locations, Under Armour products may be seen to be too expensive thus it has some outlets that sell older products but at alower price.
Under Armours net revenue has been increasing gradually as it has been gaining experience in the market and expanding its market share over the years
Under Armour has increased its operations by introducing innovative products into the market over the years. It has also been targeting more customers in its camps, attending inter college and major league sports competitions thus has considerably made a name for itself gradually. This has translated into more sales and a higher net income.
Under Armour
Income statement
For year ending December 2012
Year Ending
Dec 2012 Year Ending
Dec 2011
Revenue 1.83B 1.47B
Cost of Revenue 912.54M 723.55M
Gross Operating Profit 922.38M 749.14M
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses 670.60M 550.07M
Research & Development 0.00 0.00
Operating Income before D & A (EBITDA) 251.78M 199.07M
Depreciation & Amortization 43.08M 36.30M
Other Income – Net -73,000.00 -2.06M
Special Income / Charges 0.00 0.00
Total Income Before Interest Expenses (EBIT) 208.62M 160.70M
Interest Expense 5.18M 3.84M
Pre-Tax Income 203.44M 156.86M
Income Taxes 74.66M 59.94M
Net Income From Continuing Operations 128.78M 96.92M
Net Income From Total Operations 128.78M 96.92M
Total Net Income 128.78M 96.92M
Normalized Income
(Net Income From Continuing Operations,
Ex. Special Income / Charge) 128.78M 96.92M
Net Income Available To Common 128.78M 96.92M
Under Armour
Balance Sheet
As at December 2012
Year Ending
Dec 2013
Assets
Cash and Equivalents 347.49M
Receivables 209.95M
Inventories 469.01M
Total Current Assets 1.13B
Property, Plant & Equipment, Gross 396.09M
Accumulated Depreciation & Depletion 172.13M
Property, Plant & Equipment, Net 223.95M
Intangibles 24.10M
Other Non-Current Assets 47.54M
Total Non-Current Assets 448.93M
Total Assets 1.58B
Liabilities & Shareholder Equity
Accounts Payable 165.46M
Short Term Debt 104.97M
Other Current Liabilities 22.47M
Total Current Liabilities 426.63M
Long Term Debt 47.95M
Other Non-Current Liabilities 49.81M
Total Non-Current Liabilities 97.76M
Total Liabilities 524.39M
Common Stock Equity 1.05B
Common Par 35,000.00
Additional Paid In Capital 397.28M
Retained Earnings 653.84M
Other Equity Adjustments 2.19M
Total Capitalization 1.10B
Total Equity 1.05B
Total Liabilities & Stock Equity 1.58B
Corporate Social Responsibility essay help site:eduName
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Corporate Social Responsibility
The world of business has not only grown to be a more profiting venture for many people across the globe, but has also shown a great line of difference between the past and the present. There are statistics that have also predicted more advancements in the means of conducting business enterprises, as well as possible relationship with the environment. For example, in the past world of business, there was one major responsibility of maximizing on the profit margins, and increasing the stakeholder value of a given business. Corporations had the main driving force of making money, in which corporate financial responsibility became the priority. However, the recent decades have defined a business age with a difference. There is a more advanced comprehension of corporate responsibility, which takes into consideration the business environment, local communities, and ethical conditions in various working conditions. The new development in the corporate responsibilities is now referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This discussion therefore attempts to analyze the factors underpinning this new development in the nature of corporate responsibilities in the current business arena.
According to business research studies, there is no universal definition of Corporate Social Responsibility. However, the term generally refers to the various transparent business activities, with a basis on ethical values, the level of legal compliance of business operations, respect for the surrounding communities and overall environmental sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility comes as equal priority with the core objective of making money and enhancing the value of stakeholders. In the modern age of business, corporate sectors have an additional responsibility of taking the totality of their impact on both human beings and the entire environment.
Stakeholder Perspectives
The Corporate Social Responsibility to the people involves the social responsibilities that the business to individual stakeholders in different capacities. For example, such stakeholders include business partners, the government through their regulatory and legislative roles, suppliers and commodity vendors, investors, and the entire surrounding community in which the business is located. Different classes of stakeholders have an increased expectation that business operations should take into consideration their responsibilities in efforts to enhance environmental sustainability and the social community.
According to stakeholders, Corporate Social Responsibility also refers to corporate citizenship, in which every business enterprise should act as a good neighbor o the surrounding community. In this understanding, the business does not only increase its awareness and participation in conserving the environment, but also builds and enriches a reputable relationship with community. Furthermore, a good relationship between a business enterprise and the location community ensures higher profitability owing to higher sales for the primary customers.
Investors, suppliers and vendors, in their frequent interaction with the public and the surrounding communities, have shown that modern business corporations require a functional Corporate Social Responsibility to gain the requisite level of competition, production and overall relevance in the market. The modern business age is mainly characterized by globalization and increased application of technology. The trends of globalization and technology application have therefore erased national borders and community boundaries. It therefore implies that most business corporations have a global social responsibility, as well as global market opportunities. In this regard, business stakeholders therefore have an increased urge to manifest better management techniques in profit making and risk handling techniques, in order to enhance the current and future brand reputations.
Further implications of the globalization and increased application of technology on the business corporations involve a trend of increased competition for skilled employees, potential investors and the loyalty of consumer groups. Research has also identified the role of such significant stakeholders such as investors, local community as the primary consumers, and skilled employees in ensuring the success of business in achieving its core objectives. In this case, stakeholder perspective indicate that the success of a business corporation depends on its relationship with the employee body, the hosting community, which acts as the primary market place. It is therefore significant for the business corporations to consider and devise functional mechanisms to ensure a reputable relationship with these stakeholders. Research studies have identified the enhancement of Corporate Social Responsibility as a major tool to enhance such relationships to ensure business success in the modern age.
Stakeholders also have an idea of CSR suggesting that business corporations are an integral part of the society in which they are situated and beyond. Business corporations have an obligation to answer directly to different classes of stakeholders regarding the impacts of their operations to the surrounding environment. Business corporations therefore incorporate both social and environmental concerns, as well as appropriate stakeholder interaction on voluntary grounds. In addition, business writers have also backed up this perspective by suggesting that part of business accounting should also include environmental audits in which they assess the impacts of their operations in the environment. This strategy would act as a point of responsibility and an obligation that all business corporations would often aspire to achieve, thereby increasing environmental safety and overall sustainability.
On the other hand, there are contrary stakeholders, whose opinions have manifested hesitance in the speedy adoption of CRS din the modern business corporations. For instance, there are stakeholders whose perspective prioritize profit maximization at the expense of other responsibilities such as environmental sustainability. This perspective has been advanced by various business writers, whose works have shown a common claim that business corporations should not concern themselves with social responsibilities, at the expense of the core objective of making profit out of the resource inputs. According to this opposing school of thought, a business should maximize returns from all the resources inputs used. This view therefore implies the investing in other activities relating to environmental conservation and building a reputable relationship with all stakeholders is a waste of resources, and loss of to the corporation. According to this view, a business ought to maximize on profit making as the sole agenda, as far as it remains compliance to the business operation rules of free competition, without acts of deception or fraud.
Similar views in this contrary school of thought hold the view that CSR is a conditional option. This view holds the idea that the choice of engaging in CSR within a given area by a business corporation is dependent on economic factors, other than an imposed obligation to please the stakeholders and stay relevant to the market. Corporation managers therefore have the liberty and the mandate to make appropriate decisions, through proper consultation, as to whether or not to take part of different aspects of CSR in their areas of operations. For example, engaging in CSR for companies whose accounts warn of looming losses from such operations would be a corporate mistake to avoid. However, if such actions would be in tandem with profit making objectives of the corporation, taking CSR would be advantageous and worth a corporate action.
Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility
Enhances Corporate Accountability
A functional system of Corporate Social Responsibility offers a rare remedy to perpetual challenge of lack of accountability in most organizations across the globe. Corporate accountability refers to the process in which corporate leaders such as Managing Directors and Chief Executive Officers conducts himself in a manner that ensure ultimate integrity. Accountability is a responsibility, in which leaders seek to align all the demands, overall stakeholder needs and interests, including investors, employees, suppliers and vendors, government and the non-governmental organizations, as well as the environment.
For corporate sectors in CSR, it is important to incorporate a reputable record of accomplishment of such activities in both the internal structural operations, as well as the external supply chain. This is the main reason why there has been an increasing pressure on non-governmental organizations to manifest appropriate trends of participation in CSR, as an example to those under their influence and similar pressure. Accountability involves efforts more than making of false promises. Leaders strive to satisfy all such promises as an effort to ensure that their reputation and relationship with stakeholders remain workable for organizational success.
Enhances partnership with stakeholders
Participation in Corporate Social Responsibility involves the interaction between different business actors, each having a significant role to play. The modern business age prioritizes environmental safety and sustainability to enhance the endangered human life, as one of the main roles of modern business corporations. In addition to the changing business tactics to suit the societal demands as key business stakeholders, there are increased expectations from business partners and the entire society to deliver better results from their operations.
The modern business environment therefore calls for a collective approach by all stakeholders to achieve a common goal for their business. The stakeholder come together with a common interest of ensuring a reputable image of their corporation to enhance the future survival of such enterprises. Stakeholders involve themselves in efforts to meet global and local needs while considering individual cultures. In the end, collective approach by stakeholders hastens achievement of business goals, and contribution to the enhancing the lives of local populations.
Helps to improve the health status of the hosting community
The business community in different parts of the globe have a tremendous ability to enhance an overall state of good health, especially when there is a functional partnership with the hosting government and the civil society body. This is owing to the fact that business opportunities have the ability to open up some of the most remote regions, often characterized by lack of social amenities such as hospitals. Historically, business corporations had participated in charity works including health programs, philanthropy and other civic activities aimed at benefiting the hosting communities. However, studies have indicated that these efforts did not yield much fruits in achieving the core mandate. This failure has been attributed to the lack proper strategic planning, as well as the lack of prioritization of such programs to effective social change.
With the increased awareness and need for Corporate Social Responsibility for businesses in societies, CSR has acted to provide a favorable ground of collaboration with various non-governmental organizations to participate in collective efforts for community based projects. Such organizations such as the USAID, have taken partnership efforts with various private sectors through Corporate Social Responsibility platforms to roll out health programs for local populations. This is a mutual relationship, in which both the USAID benefits from the private sector donations to boost its initiatives of alleviating disease prevalence.
On the other hand, the private sector also benefits by promoting its name in charity efforts, thereby creating a business rapport with the local population. Furthermore, through resource advantage, the USAID can expand its family planning and other health programs at different levels including work-based initiatives, market and community levels. The USAID conducts these health improvement strategies in communities where the partnering private sectors have a presence. In return, the private sectors can benefit from the increased health status of the members of the local community through reduced cases of absenteeism, loss of skilled work force through deaths, as well as better performance from increased morale and trust.
Organizational challenges with CSR
The main argument against CSR emanate from the the challenges associated with its implementation. Business corporations must relate with various forces, ranging from political, religious and cultural aspects of the hosting communities. The complex nature of operating in a new environment with a new set of conditions calls for fresh demands upon the organization, particularly its leadership team. Government policies often change through legislation, and require compliance. The efforts to ensure such compliance are not only costly, but also time consuming.
It therefore depicts a sense of a less clear relationship between the hosting government and the business, owing to the frequent and unpredictable changes. In order to enhance the ethical behavior in business corporations, it is required that they take into account the prevailing culture of the local population. In addition to the cultural dynamics, it is also necessary to analyze and comply with the religious views of all the stakeholders in order to prevent a possible conflict outbreak. Many societies have varying cultural heritages and religious views, which they prioritize as their identity.
Conclusion
Based on the emergent literature and analysis of the current business age across the globe, there is an urgent need that business corporations have to contain and enhance its overall relationship with the wider society in order to succeed. It is the collective stakeholder responsibility, and their leaders, to shape the impacts they remit to the surrounding. Corporate Social Responsibility have a plethora of advantages to the hosting communities, as well as the organizations themselves.
Works Cited
Clapp, Jennifer, and Ian H. Rowlands. “CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.” Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance (2014): 42.
Shin, Kwang-Yong. “Corporate Social Responsibility.” Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. 1-21.