IT Infrastructure Practical Grading Rubric
CriteriaRatingsPtsContentDemonstrates content mastery and a well-rounded understanding of the assignment
21 to >19.0 ptsAdvanced
Lab includes the correct solutions, displays clear content mastery, and has excellent detail in any required explanations. Proper screenshots are included of all solutions.
19 to >17.0 ptsProficient
A minimum of 85% of the lab includes the correct solutions, displays clear content mastery, and has good detail in any required explanations. Proper screenshots are included of all solutions.
17 to >0.0 ptsDeveloping
Less than 85% of the lab has the correct solutions, displays clear content mastery, and has good detail in any required explanations. Proper screenshots are included of all solutions.
0 ptsNot Present
21 pts
StructureAPA, grammar, requirements, and spelling
9 to >8.0 ptsAdvanced
All written requirements, configurations, IP addressing, documentation in the lab, and responses are accurate. Correct spelling and grammar used. Fewer than 2 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content and/or minimal errors (1-2) noted in the interpretation or execution of proper APA format. Each required response indicates excellent comprehension of the subject, is sufficient in level of detail, and is of original authorship and work.
8 to >7.0 ptsProficient
A minimum of 85% of the written requirements, configurations, IP addressing, documentation in the lab, and/or responses are accurate. Contains fewer than 4 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content and/or few errors (3-4) noted in the interpretation or execution of proper APA format and/or each required response indicates comprehension of the subject, is sufficient in level of detail, and is of original authorship and work.
7 to >0.0 ptsDeveloping
Less than 85% of the written requirements, configurations, IP addressing, documentation in the lab, and/or responses are accurate. Contains fewer than 8 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content and/or several errors (5 ) noted in the interpretation or execution of proper APA format and/or each partial required responses exist and/or responses do not indicate significant comprehension of the subject and/or insufficient in level of detail and/or is not adequately comprised of original authorship and work.
0 ptsNot Present
9 pts
Total Points: 30
Sustainability Case study
This assessment is designed to apply the knowledge and skills developed by students in evaluating the role of systems thinking in global and local sustainability challenges. Must answer the following questions in relation to the case:
1. Why is the case topic a sustainability issue, and why is it important? (400 words)
2. Why is your case topic a wicked problem? Explain using the characteristics of a wicked problem. (400 words)
3. Why have we been unable to solve this issue? (200 words)
4. Using the Iceberg model, explain if and how systems thinking might be useful in addressing the wickedness of the problem. (500 words).
The case study is attached. Please note, you are expected to research the issue of gender equality beyond this article.
Education
Post two comments about any of the ideas or resources described in the section that you find interesting (at least one paragraph each).each one 150 words
Remember to engage with the content—avoid just repeating what was said. Try to expand upon it, bring in your own personal experiences, suggest ideas based on it, or present an argument with the author or idea.
finish comments according to my readings .
Anthropology Question
Writing Assignment Help Question 11 pts
Biological anthropologists seek to study
Group of answer choiceshumans from biological and cultural perspectives.humans from a cultural perspective.
human behavior only.
humans from a biological perspective.
Flag question: Question 2Question 21 pts
Primates are
Group of answer choicesdiverse species that live in various types of environments AND a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains.diverse species that live in various types of environments.
often species with a long snout.
a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains.
Flag question: Question 3Question 31 pts
Bipedalism in primates means
Group of answer choiceswalking using two legs and a tail.swinging from branch to branch.
walking on four feet.
walking on two feet.
Flag question: Question 4Question 41 pts
What makes it possible for humans to accumulate an amazing amount of information over long periods of time?
Group of answer choicesmimicrytelevision
social media
social learning
Flag question: Question 5Question 51 pts
An archaeological field school is announced in your anthropology course. The description says that you will travel to Belize to learn about the lives of the ancient Mayans. What, primarily, do you expect to learn during this field school?
Group of answer choiceswhat species of nonhuman primate occupies this regionhow to excavate and study material culture
how to socially navigate life in a Central American setting
how current populations of immigrants have changed local dialects
Flag question: Question 6Question 61 pts
A hypothesis is
Group of answer choicesanother word for a theory.unable to be refuted by future investigations.
a statement concerning scientific facts assumed to be true.
a testable statement that potentially explains specific phenomena observed in the natural world.
Flag question: Question 7Question 71 pts
How is biocultural anthropology different from cultural anthropology?
Group of answer choicesIt considers culture to be a by-product of our biological histories.Biocultural anthropology studies the interrelationship between what humans have inherited genetically and culture; cultural anthropology studies diverse cultures and societies.
Biocultural anthropology combines cultural studies with archaeology.
It is strictly a biological science.
Flag question: Question 8Question 81 pts
Why is the hyoid bone important in the study of human remains?
Group of answer choicesThe hyoid bone is present in fully modern humans, but not in other forms of hominin.The hyoid bone is altered by the presence of certain items in the diet, indicating the origin of agriculture.
The unique physical appearance of the human hyoid helps anthropologists understand the origins of speech.
Hyoid bones are common, and thus, an excellent source of ancient DNA samples.
Flag question: Question 9Question 91 pts
Anthropology views humans as ________ beings.
Group of answer choicesprimates and religiousprimates, religious, and cultural
cultural and religious
biological and cultural
Flag question: Question 10Question 101 pts
The four branches of anthropology are
Group of answer choicesphysical, biological, cultural, and linguistic.archaeological, geological, geographical, and biological.
biological, archaeological, cultural, and linguistic.
cultural, linguistic, geological, and biological.
Flag question: Question 11Question 111 pts
Which is the study of evolution and variation in humans?
Group of answer choicesbiological anthropologyarchaeology
linguistic anthropology
cultural anthropology
Flag question: Question 12Question 121 pts
Human production of stone tools is an example of
Group of answer choicesideology.material culture.
subsistence strategies.
linguistic comprehension.
Flag question: Question 13Question 131 pts
Adaptive radiation occurs when
Group of answer choicesone species gives rise to multiple closely related species.species adapt to environments with high radiation levels.
an individual adapts to varying environments.
several species adapt to one environment.
Flag question: Question 14Question 141 pts
Charles Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species (1859) was considered an important contribution to modern science because it
Group of answer choiceswas immediately and widely accepted by the scientific community as the mechanism for evolutionary change.synthesized information from diverse scientific fields in order to document evolutionary change.
coined the concept of evolution.
proposed the use of the scientific method for the first time.
Flag question: Question 15Question 151 pts
Uniformitarianism is the theory that
Group of answer choicesthe uniformity of species is derived from the common ancestor of all species.the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past.
the earth is very old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers in Scotland.
processes such as earthquakes are evidence supporting catastrophism as proposed by Lamarck.
Flag question: Question 16Question 161 pts
The relevance of the theory of uniformitarianism is that it
Group of answer choicesdemonstrates that the earth is 4.4 billion years old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers.supports the theory of catastrophism.
allowed the understanding of evidence of change in the geological past by understanding what we see in the present day.
proves that changes to the earth were caused by cataclysmic events like earthquakes and floods.
Flag question: Question 17Question 171 pts
Thomas Malthus’s contribution to natural selection is the
Group of answer choicesbinomial taxonomic system of naming species.theory that the earth’s old age is based on geologic evidence resulting from cataclysmic events.
theory that environmental resources increase to population pressures.
observation that an abundance of food would allow a population to increase geometrically and indefinitely, but there simply is not enough food, so populations are limited by food supply.
Flag question: Question 18Question 181 pts
The English demographer whose work on population growth greatly influenced Darwin’s thinking on population adaptation was
Group of answer choicesCharles Lyell.Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.
Thomas Malthus.
Georges Cuvier.
Flag question: Question 19Question 191 pts
Cuvier, Lamarck, and Erasmus Darwin all shared an idea of evolution; however, their ideas all lacked
Group of answer choicesthe longevity necessary for evolution to take place.an understanding of variation.
a description of natural selection, a key mechanism for evolutionary change.
a basic understanding of inheritance.
Flag question: Question 20Question 201 pts
The advantageous so-called attributes to which Darwin refers are now known as
Group of answer choiceschromosomes.alleles.
traits.
genes.
Flag question: Question 21Question 211 pts
Which of the following is NOT a cause of evolution in a population?
Group of answer choicesmutationgenetic drift
inheritance of acquired traits
gene flow
Flag question: Question 22Question 221 pts
The forces of evolution include
Group of answer choicesgene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes.natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes.
mutations, genes, and genetic drift.
natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations.
Flag question: Question 23Question 231 pts
Without the work of X-ray crystallographer ________, DNA might not have been discovered for some time longer than it was.
Group of answer choicesThomas MalthusRosalind Franklin
Francis Crick
James Watson
Flag question: Question 24Question 241 pts
Fossils represent the remains of once-living
Group of answer choicesorganisms that demonstrate the age of the earth through the process of uniformitarianism.extinct organisms that provide a record of the history of life on the planet.
extant species that tell the story of human origins.
plants that provide proof of catastrophism.
Flag question: Question 25Question 251 pts
The scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understandings of genetics was
Group of answer choicesCharles Darwin.John Ray.
Gregor Mendel.
Robert Hooke.
Flag question: Question 26Question 261 pts
Darwin observed that adaptations
Group of answer choiceswere peripheral to evolutionary change.did not vary among Galápagos finches living in different habitats.
were physical traits that enhanced survival and reproduction.
resulted from supernatural forces.
Flag question: Question 27Question 271 pts
In your textbook, the lower frequency of sickle-cell anemia among present-day Americans of West African ancestry as compared to people living in West Africa is attributed to
Group of answer choicesgene flow.genetic drift.
natural selection.
new mutations.
Flag question: Question 28Question 281 pts
In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding
Group of answer choicesapplies only to genes on the same chromosome.explains gene linkage.
demonstrates the law of independent assortment.
explains inheritance only in simple organisms.
Flag question: Question 29Question 291 pts
Transcription
Group of answer choicesoccurs in the nucleus.results in the transformation of mitochondria.
occurs in the ribosome.
results in the production of proteins.
Flag question: Question 30Question 301 pts
Transfer RNA
Group of answer choicesseeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons.breaks amino acids apart from their polypeptide chains.
contains a random sequence of codons.
facilitates the movement of DNA between cells.
Flag question: Question 31Question 311 pts
Meiosis results in the production of
Group of answer choicesfour gametes.two identical somatic cells.
two gametes.
a single gamete.
Flag question: Question 32Question 321 pts
Homeotic (Hox) genes are
Group of answer choicesstructural genes.responsible for the development and location of key body parts.
responsible for determining the sex of offspring.
not used during embryonic development.
Flag question: Question 33Question 331 pts
The presence of a recessive allele
Group of answer choicescan always be determined from the phenotype.can be masked in the phenotype.
is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.
can never be expressed in the phenotype.
Flag question: Question 34Question 341 pts
A trait’s heritability is the proportion of its variation that
Group of answer choicesresults from the environment alone.cannot be explained.
is the product of genes and environment.
is inherited.
Flag question: Question 35Question 351 pts
Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
Group of answer choiceseach contains half a copy of an organism’s DNA.they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body.
each includes a nucleus at some stage of its development.
each contains a complete copy of all of an organism’s DNA.
Flag question: Question 36Question 361 pts
Which of the following statements is an accurate comparison of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Group of answer choicesProkaryotic cells include the gametes and various single-celled organisms, while eukaryotic cells may occur as single-celled or multicelled organisms.Eukaryotic cells include gametes, have cell membranes and a nucleus, and may occur as single-celled or multicelled organisms.
The earliest eukaryotic cells appeared about 3.5 billion years ago, while the earliest prokaryotic cells appeared about 1.2 billion years ago.
Prokaryotic cells make up single-celled organisms, while eukaryotic cells make up multicelled organisms.
Flag question: Question 37Question 371 pts
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) in that it
Group of answer choicesis stored in ribosomes.was discovered by Mendel.
is the so-called recipe for all biological characteristics and functions in animals.
was studied during Darwin’s lifetime.
Flag question: Question 38Question 381 pts
In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for
Group of answer choicesThomas Hunt Morgan’s ideas of mutation.Mendel’s law of segregation.
Mendel’s law of independent assortment.
Mendel’s concept of nondisjunction.
Flag question: Question 39Question 391 pts
A deme is
Group of answer choicesthe part of a gene pool that does not reproduce.all the members of a species.
the nongenetic part of inheritance, including learned behavior.
a group of organisms that have the potential to reproduce.
Flag question: Question 40Question 401 pts
The physical location of a gene within the genome is called the
Group of answer choicesnucleus.locus.
chromosome.
address.
Flag question: Question 41Question 411 pts
The southern migration of which African people may have led to a significant increase in the incidence of malaria?
Group of answer choicesBantuMasai
Efe
Turkana
Flag question: Question 42Question 421 pts
The clinal decrease in type B blood from East Asia to western Europe is probably the result of
Group of answer choicesmutation.the founder effect.
stabilizing selection.
gene flow.
Flag question: Question 43Question 431 pts
The best-documented case of industrial melanism involves
Group of answer choicesGalápagos finches.dung beetles.
monarch butterflies.
peppered moths.
Flag question: Question 44Question 441 pts
Fitness trade-off refers to selection favoring which genotype?
Group of answer choicesheterozygoushomozygous recessive
homozygous dominant
No genotype is favored.
Flag question: Question 45Question 451 pts
The mutation known as trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, is more commonly known as ________ syndrome.
Group of answer choicesKlinefelter’sTurner
Williams
Down
Flag question: Question 46Question 461 pts
Which of the following is a good definition of natural selection?
Group of answer choicessurvival of the fittestrandom changes in organisms’ genetic makeup
nonrandom elimination of alleles
upward progression
Flag question: Question 47Question 471 pts
R. C. Lewontin found that human “races” have no taxonomic significance. He demonstrated this through
Group of answer choicesresearch indicating that race categories accounted for a very small percentage of variation found across human populations.the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics.
research indicating that most genetic variation is found among human races.
research that examined genetic diversity across different species of mammals.
Flag question: Question 48Question 481 pts
A cline
Group of answer choicesis variation that falls into discrete categories.was used to describe human variation as early as the Renaissance.
is continuous variation that follows a geographic continuum.
describes the pattern of occurrence of trisomy 18.
Flag question: Question 49Question 491 pts
During the postnatal stage, the various major systems in the body develop at
Group of answer choicesdifferent rates, with the brain reaching full development first, then dentition, then the whole body, and finally the reproductive system.the same rate, with the brain, the reproductive system, and so on all coming to maturity at the same time.
different rates, with the reproductive system reaching full development first, then the brain and other parts of the body.
different rates, with the body reaching full size first, then the brain, teeth, and reproductive system developing later.
Flag question: Question 50Question 501 pts
Which of the following biological processes involves a reduction in homeostasis?
Group of answer choicesWolff’s lawthe adult stage of development
prenatal development
senescence
Flag question: Question 51Question 511 pts
The obesity pandemic is primarily due to
Group of answer choicesthe production of high-calorie, low-fat foods even though people still have a high exercise level.a lack of physical exercise.
a combination of lower calories and more exercise.
the increased ability to produce and consume inexpensive, high-fat foods.
Flag question: Question 52Question 521 pts
Genetic adaptation
Group of answer choicesoccurs at the population level via natural selection.occurs at the individual level throughout an individual’s lifetime.
occurs at the individual level during childhood.
involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
Flag question: Question 53Question 531 pts
Developmental (or ontogenetic) adaptation
Group of answer choicesoccurs at the individual level during childhood.involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
occurs at the population level via natural selection.
occurs at the individual level throughout an individual’s lifetime.
Flag question: Question 54Question 541 pts
Functional adaptations
Group of answer choicesare important population-level genetic changes.occur at the individual level only during childhood.
are biological adjustments within an individual’s lifetime, including developmental adaptations and acclimatization.
involve using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
Flag question: Question 55Question 551 pts
Melanin
Group of answer choicesoccurs at high rates in individuals with light skin tone.develops more with age.
is a chemical that decreases the possibility of a tan.
is advantageous because it provides protection from solar radiation.
Flag question: Question 56Question 561 pts
Dark skin (a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples) is likely a response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, because UV radiation can cause
Group of answer choiceshypothermia.hypoxia.
rickets.
skin cancer.
Flag question: Question 57Question 571 pts
Sexual dimorphism refers to the
Group of answer choicesreduction in bone growth rate with the fusion of epiphyses.difference in sexual characteristics before versus after puberty.
difference in physical attributes of males and females.
onset of menarche.
Flag question: Question 58Question 581 pts
Rickets is the result of
Group of answer choicesa lack of melanin.a lack of vitamin D.
high UV exposure.
severe air pollution.
Flag question: Question 59Question 591 pts
Natural selection favored alleles for light skin in
Group of answer choicesAfrica.Europe.
South America.
Australia.
Flag question: Question 60Question 601 pts
Which is a major contributor to the success of our species?
Group of answer choiceshigh fecundityhuman adaptability
body variation
skin tone variation
Anthropology Question
Question 11 pts
Biological anthropologists seek to study
Group of answer choiceshumans from biological and cultural perspectives.humans from a cultural perspective.
human behavior only.
humans from a biological perspective.
Flag question: Question 2Question 21 pts
Primates are
Group of answer choicesdiverse species that live in various types of environments AND a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains.diverse species that live in various types of environments.
often species with a long snout.
a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains.
Flag question: Question 3Question 31 pts
Bipedalism in primates means
Group of answer choiceswalking using two legs and a tail.swinging from branch to branch.
walking on four feet.
walking on two feet.
Flag question: Question 4Question 41 pts
What makes it possible for humans to accumulate an amazing amount of information over long periods of time?
Group of answer choicesmimicrytelevision
social media
social learning
Flag question: Question 5Question 51 pts
An archaeological field school is announced in your anthropology course. The description says that you will travel to Belize to learn about the lives of the ancient Mayans. What, primarily, do you expect to learn during this field school?
Group of answer choiceswhat species of nonhuman primate occupies this regionhow to excavate and study material culture
how to socially navigate life in a Central American setting
how current populations of immigrants have changed local dialects
Flag question: Question 6Question 61 pts
A hypothesis is
Group of answer choicesanother word for a theory.unable to be refuted by future investigations.
a statement concerning scientific facts assumed to be true.
a testable statement that potentially explains specific phenomena observed in the natural world.
Flag question: Question 7Question 71 pts
How is biocultural anthropology different from cultural anthropology?
Group of answer choicesIt considers culture to be a by-product of our biological histories.Biocultural anthropology studies the interrelationship between what humans have inherited genetically and culture; cultural anthropology studies diverse cultures and societies.
Biocultural anthropology combines cultural studies with archaeology.
It is strictly a biological science.
Flag question: Question 8Question 81 pts
Why is the hyoid bone important in the study of human remains?
Group of answer choicesThe hyoid bone is present in fully modern humans, but not in other forms of hominin.The hyoid bone is altered by the presence of certain items in the diet, indicating the origin of agriculture.
The unique physical appearance of the human hyoid helps anthropologists understand the origins of speech.
Hyoid bones are common, and thus, an excellent source of ancient DNA samples.
Flag question: Question 9Question 91 pts
Anthropology views humans as ________ beings.
Group of answer choicesprimates and religiousprimates, religious, and cultural
cultural and religious
biological and cultural
Flag question: Question 10Question 101 pts
The four branches of anthropology are
Group of answer choicesphysical, biological, cultural, and linguistic.archaeological, geological, geographical, and biological.
biological, archaeological, cultural, and linguistic.
cultural, linguistic, geological, and biological.
Flag question: Question 11Question 111 pts
Which is the study of evolution and variation in humans?
Group of answer choicesbiological anthropologyarchaeology
linguistic anthropology
cultural anthropology
Flag question: Question 12Question 121 pts
Human production of stone tools is an example of
Group of answer choicesideology.material culture.
subsistence strategies.
linguistic comprehension.
Flag question: Question 13Question 131 pts
Adaptive radiation occurs when
Group of answer choicesone species gives rise to multiple closely related species.species adapt to environments with high radiation levels.
an individual adapts to varying environments.
several species adapt to one environment.
Flag question: Question 14Question 141 pts
Charles Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species (1859) was considered an important contribution to modern science because it
Group of answer choiceswas immediately and widely accepted by the scientific community as the mechanism for evolutionary change.synthesized information from diverse scientific fields in order to document evolutionary change.
coined the concept of evolution.
proposed the use of the scientific method for the first time.
Flag question: Question 15Question 151 pts
Uniformitarianism is the theory that
Group of answer choicesthe uniformity of species is derived from the common ancestor of all species.the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past.
the earth is very old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers in Scotland.
processes such as earthquakes are evidence supporting catastrophism as proposed by Lamarck.
Flag question: Question 16Question 161 pts
The relevance of the theory of uniformitarianism is that it
Group of answer choicesdemonstrates that the earth is 4.4 billion years old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers.supports the theory of catastrophism.
allowed the understanding of evidence of change in the geological past by understanding what we see in the present day.
proves that changes to the earth were caused by cataclysmic events like earthquakes and floods.
Flag question: Question 17Question 171 pts
Thomas Malthus’s contribution to natural selection is the
Group of answer choicesbinomial taxonomic system of naming species.theory that the earth’s old age is based on geologic evidence resulting from cataclysmic events.
theory that environmental resources increase to population pressures.
observation that an abundance of food would allow a population to increase geometrically and indefinitely, but there simply is not enough food, so populations are limited by food supply.
Flag question: Question 18Question 181 pts
The English demographer whose work on population growth greatly influenced Darwin’s thinking on population adaptation was
Group of answer choicesCharles Lyell.Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.
Thomas Malthus.
Georges Cuvier.
Flag question: Question 19Question 191 pts
Cuvier, Lamarck, and Erasmus Darwin all shared an idea of evolution; however, their ideas all lacked
Group of answer choicesthe longevity necessary for evolution to take place.an understanding of variation.
a description of natural selection, a key mechanism for evolutionary change.
a basic understanding of inheritance.
Flag question: Question 20Question 201 pts
The advantageous so-called attributes to which Darwin refers are now known as
Group of answer choiceschromosomes.alleles.
traits.
genes.
Flag question: Question 21Question 211 pts
Which of the following is NOT a cause of evolution in a population?
Group of answer choicesmutationgenetic drift
inheritance of acquired traits
gene flow
Flag question: Question 22Question 221 pts
The forces of evolution include
Group of answer choicesgene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes.natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes.
mutations, genes, and genetic drift.
natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations.
Flag question: Question 23Question 231 pts
Without the work of X-ray crystallographer ________, DNA might not have been discovered for some time longer than it was.
Group of answer choicesThomas MalthusRosalind Franklin
Francis Crick
James Watson
Flag question: Question 24Question 241 pts
Fossils represent the remains of once-living
Group of answer choicesorganisms that demonstrate the age of the earth through the process of uniformitarianism.extinct organisms that provide a record of the history of life on the planet.
extant species that tell the story of human origins.
plants that provide proof of catastrophism.
Flag question: Question 25Question 251 pts
The scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understandings of genetics was
Group of answer choicesCharles Darwin.John Ray.
Gregor Mendel.
Robert Hooke.
Flag question: Question 26Question 261 pts
Darwin observed that adaptations
Group of answer choiceswere peripheral to evolutionary change.did not vary among Galápagos finches living in different habitats.
were physical traits that enhanced survival and reproduction.
resulted from supernatural forces.
Flag question: Question 27Question 271 pts
In your textbook, the lower frequency of sickle-cell anemia among present-day Americans of West African ancestry as compared to people living in West Africa is attributed to
Group of answer choicesgene flow.genetic drift.
natural selection.
new mutations.
Flag question: Question 28Question 281 pts
In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding
Group of answer choicesapplies only to genes on the same chromosome.explains gene linkage.
demonstrates the law of independent assortment.
explains inheritance only in simple organisms.
Flag question: Question 29Question 291 pts
Transcription
Group of answer choicesoccurs in the nucleus.results in the transformation of mitochondria.
occurs in the ribosome.
results in the production of proteins.
Flag question: Question 30Question 301 pts
Transfer RNA
Group of answer choicesseeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons.breaks amino acids apart from their polypeptide chains.
contains a random sequence of codons.
facilitates the movement of DNA between cells.
Flag question: Question 31Question 311 pts
Meiosis results in the production of
Group of answer choicesfour gametes.two identical somatic cells.
two gametes.
a single gamete.
Flag question: Question 32Question 321 pts
Homeotic (Hox) genes are
Group of answer choicesstructural genes.responsible for the development and location of key body parts.
responsible for determining the sex of offspring.
not used during embryonic development.
Flag question: Question 33Question 331 pts
The presence of a recessive allele
Group of answer choicescan always be determined from the phenotype.can be masked in the phenotype.
is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.
can never be expressed in the phenotype.
Flag question: Question 34Question 341 pts
A trait’s heritability is the proportion of its variation that
Group of answer choicesresults from the environment alone.cannot be explained.
is the product of genes and environment.
is inherited.
Flag question: Question 35Question 351 pts
Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
Group of answer choiceseach contains half a copy of an organism’s DNA.they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body.
each includes a nucleus at some stage of its development.
each contains a complete copy of all of an organism’s DNA.
Flag question: Question 36Question 361 pts
Which of the following statements is an accurate comparison of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Group of answer choicesProkaryotic cells include the gametes and various single-celled organisms, while eukaryotic cells may occur as single-celled or multicelled organisms.Eukaryotic cells include gametes, have cell membranes and a nucleus, and may occur as single-celled or multicelled organisms.
The earliest eukaryotic cells appeared about 3.5 billion years ago, while the earliest prokaryotic cells appeared about 1.2 billion years ago.
Prokaryotic cells make up single-celled organisms, while eukaryotic cells make up multicelled organisms.
Flag question: Question 37Question 371 pts
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) in that it
Group of answer choicesis stored in ribosomes.was discovered by Mendel.
is the so-called recipe for all biological characteristics and functions in animals.
was studied during Darwin’s lifetime.
Flag question: Question 38Question 381 pts
In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for
Group of answer choicesThomas Hunt Morgan’s ideas of mutation.Mendel’s law of segregation.
Mendel’s law of independent assortment.
Mendel’s concept of nondisjunction.
Flag question: Question 39Question 391 pts
A deme is
Group of answer choicesthe part of a gene pool that does not reproduce.all the members of a species.
the nongenetic part of inheritance, including learned behavior.
a group of organisms that have the potential to reproduce.
Flag question: Question 40Question 401 pts
The physical location of a gene within the genome is called the
Group of answer choicesnucleus.locus.
chromosome.
address.
Flag question: Question 41Question 411 pts
The southern migration of which African people may have led to a significant increase in the incidence of malaria?
Group of answer choicesBantuMasai
Efe
Turkana
Flag question: Question 42Question 421 pts
The clinal decrease in type B blood from East Asia to western Europe is probably the result of
Group of answer choicesmutation.the founder effect.
stabilizing selection.
gene flow.
Flag question: Question 43Question 431 pts
The best-documented case of industrial melanism involves
Group of answer choicesGalápagos finches.dung beetles.
monarch butterflies.
peppered moths.
Flag question: Question 44Question 441 pts
Fitness trade-off refers to selection favoring which genotype?
Group of answer choicesheterozygoushomozygous recessive
homozygous dominant
No genotype is favored.
Flag question: Question 45Question 451 pts
The mutation known as trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, is more commonly known as ________ syndrome.
Group of answer choicesKlinefelter’sTurner
Williams
Down
Flag question: Question 46Question 461 pts
Which of the following is a good definition of natural selection?
Group of answer choicessurvival of the fittestrandom changes in organisms’ genetic makeup
nonrandom elimination of alleles
upward progression
Flag question: Question 47Question 471 pts
R. C. Lewontin found that human “races” have no taxonomic significance. He demonstrated this through
Group of answer choicesresearch indicating that race categories accounted for a very small percentage of variation found across human populations.the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics.
research indicating that most genetic variation is found among human races.
research that examined genetic diversity across different species of mammals.
Flag question: Question 48Question 481 pts
A cline
Group of answer choicesis variation that falls into discrete categories.was used to describe human variation as early as the Renaissance.
is continuous variation that follows a geographic continuum.
describes the pattern of occurrence of trisomy 18.
Flag question: Question 49Question 491 pts
During the postnatal stage, the various major systems in the body develop at
Group of answer choicesdifferent rates, with the brain reaching full development first, then dentition, then the whole body, and finally the reproductive system.the same rate, with the brain, the reproductive system, and so on all coming to maturity at the same time.
different rates, with the reproductive system reaching full development first, then the brain and other parts of the body.
different rates, with the body reaching full size first, then the brain, teeth, and reproductive system developing later.
Flag question: Question 50Question 501 pts
Which of the following biological processes involves a reduction in homeostasis?
Group of answer choicesWolff’s lawthe adult stage of development
prenatal development
senescence
Flag question: Question 51Question 511 pts
The obesity pandemic is primarily due to
Group of answer choicesthe production of high-calorie, low-fat foods even though people still have a high exercise level.a lack of physical exercise.
a combination of lower calories and more exercise.
the increased ability to produce and consume inexpensive, high-fat foods.
Flag question: Question 52Question 521 pts
Genetic adaptation
Group of answer choicesoccurs at the population level via natural selection.occurs at the individual level throughout an individual’s lifetime.
occurs at the individual level during childhood.
involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
Flag question: Question 53Question 531 pts
Developmental (or ontogenetic) adaptation
Group of answer choicesoccurs at the individual level during childhood.involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
occurs at the population level via natural selection.
occurs at the individual level throughout an individual’s lifetime.
Flag question: Question 54Question 541 pts
Functional adaptations
Group of answer choicesare important population-level genetic changes.occur at the individual level only during childhood.
are biological adjustments within an individual’s lifetime, including developmental adaptations and acclimatization.
involve using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
Flag question: Question 55Question 551 pts
Melanin
Group of answer choicesoccurs at high rates in individuals with light skin tone.develops more with age.
is a chemical that decreases the possibility of a tan.
is advantageous because it provides protection from solar radiation.
Flag question: Question 56Question 561 pts
Dark skin (a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples) is likely a response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, because UV radiation can cause
Group of answer choiceshypothermia.hypoxia.
rickets.
skin cancer.
Flag question: Question 57Question 571 pts
Sexual dimorphism refers to the
Group of answer choicesreduction in bone growth rate with the fusion of epiphyses.difference in sexual characteristics before versus after puberty.
difference in physical attributes of males and females.
onset of menarche.
Flag question: Question 58Question 581 pts
Rickets is the result of
Group of answer choicesa lack of melanin.a lack of vitamin D.
high UV exposure.
severe air pollution.
Flag question: Question 59Question 591 pts
Natural selection favored alleles for light skin in
Group of answer choicesAfrica.Europe.
South America.
Australia.
Flag question: Question 60Question 601 pts
Which is a major contributor to the success of our species?
Group of answer choiceshigh fecundityhuman adaptability
body variation
skin tone variation
Communication Climate
Greeting cards represent a large industry and have become an integral part of U.S. culture. Describe if you send greeting cards and under what circumstances. Why, or why not? Then, think about the use of electronic greeting cards, or e-Cards (e.g., www.bluemountain.com). Describe if you send e-Cards and under what circumstances. Why, or why not? How can e-Cards be used as a relational tool that fosters a particular interpersonal climate? Are there differences between sending a “snail-mail” greeting card and an e-Card? How do social norms like the sending of cards contribute to a positive interpersonal climate? Use terminology from the text in your response.